Detection of drugs of abuse in alternative biological fluid and tissues

替代生物体液和组织中滥用药物的检测

• 批准号: 6103927
• 负责人: Marilyn Huestis
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6103927
• 关键词: blood chemistry; body fluids; cannabinoids; clinical research; cocaine; diagnosis design /evaluation; drug abuse; feces; hair; human subject; methamphetamine; nicotine; opiate alkaloid; pharmacology; plasma; racial /ethnic difference; saliva; skin; sweat; urinalysis

Drug testing of biological specimens such as urine, saliva, sweat and hair provides an objective means of diagnosis of drug use and monitoring subjects while in treatment. Traditionally, urine testing has been used in the past, but this technology has limitations. In a series of ongoing studies, a variety of alternative biological fluids and tissues are being evaluated for their usefulness in monitoring individual patterns of substance abuse. Clinical studies were designed to determine the identity, concentration, time course, dose dependency and variability of drug and metabolite excretion in urine, plasma, saliva, sweat, skin, sebum, and hair following administration of single doses of drugs of abuse to human subjects. Each biological specimen appears to be unique and offers a somewhat different pattern of information regarding drug use over time. For example, hair testing offers the possibility of detecting drug use that could have occurred within a period of several months and could be useful in monitoring individuals in long-term treatment programs and in prevalence studies. In contrast, saliva testing is a short term measure of drug exposure that might correlate closely with drug levels in blood and with drug-induced effects. Sweat testing can be used for drug monitoring over a period of 1-2 weeks. Each matrix may be useful for drug testing in different settings. However, there may also be disadvantages associated with the use of a particular biological matrix. The risk of false positives arising from environmental drug contamination is being evaluated along with the possibility of ethnic bias in testing. Basic pharmacological properties such as dose-concentration and concentration-time relationships are evaluated. Overall, each biological matrix shows promise of revealing useful information regarding an individual's drug exposure history. Analysis of drugs in alternative matrices requires development of sensitive and specific chemical methods for the detection and quantitation of drugs and metabolites. Analytical procedures are continually evaluated for improving the detection and quantitation of parent drug and metabolic products of cocaine, opiates, methamphetamine, cannabinoids and nicotine in blood, plasma, sweat, saliva, urine, skin, sebum, meconium and hair.

生物样本的药物检测，例如尿液、 唾液、汗液和头发提供了诊断的客观手段 治疗期间的药物使用和监测受试者。传统上， 过去曾使用过尿液检测，但这项技术已经 限制。在一系列正在进行的研究中，多种替代方案 正在评估生物体液和组织的有用性 监测个人的药物滥用模式。临床 研究旨在确定身份、浓度、时间 药物和代谢物的疗程、剂量依赖性和变异性 通过尿液、血浆、唾液、汗液、皮肤、皮脂和头发排泄 对人类施用单剂量滥用药物后 科目。每个生物样本似乎都是独一无二的，并提供 关于吸毒的信息模式略有不同 随着时间的推移。例如，头发测试提供了以下可能性： 检测一段时间内可能发生的药物使用情况 几个月，可能有助于监测个人 长期治疗计划和患病率研究。在 相比之下，唾液测试是药物暴露的短期测量方法 这可能与血液中的药物水平密切相关 药物引起的影响。汗液测试可用于药物 监测时间为 1-2 周。每个矩阵都可能有用 用于不同环境下的药物测试。然而，也可能有 与使用特定生物制剂相关的缺点 矩阵。环境药物误报风险 正在评估污染以及种族的可能性 测试中的偏差。基本药理特性，例如 剂量-浓度和浓度-时间关系是 评价。总体而言，每种生物基质都显示出以下前景： 揭示有关个人药物暴露的有用信息 历史。替代基质中的药物分析需要 开发敏感且特异的化学方法 药物和代谢物的检测和定量。分析型 不断评估程序以改进检测 可卡因母体药物和代谢产物的定量， 血液中的阿片类药物、甲基苯丙胺、大麻素和尼古丁， 血浆、汗液、唾液、尿液、皮肤、皮脂、胎便和头发。