Neurocognitive mechanisms of reality-monitoring failure

描述(申请人提供)：建议研究的目标是更全面地了解产生成功和不成功记忆编码的认知和神经过程。特别是，这些研究将探讨视觉注意在知觉和想象的视觉对象表征编码中的作用。这项拟议的研究将使用时空脑成像技术，将功能磁共振成像(FMRI)与脑磁图(MEG)和脑电(EEG)相结合，研究记忆编码过程中导致错误记忆的认知和神经事件，以及研究记忆提取过程中与真实记忆和错误记忆相关的大脑活动的异同。拟议的实验将解决现实监测(RM)错误的机制，当人们混淆想象的事件和感知的事件时，就会发生这种错误。这样的错误会通过要求受试者想象物体并向他们展示一半物体的图片来诱导。当后来对图片进行记忆测试时，预计受试者有时会声称看到了他们只是想象的物体的图片，因此犯了RM错误。预计在编码过程中对象的更生动的视觉图像将通过增加想象的和看到的对象的记忆特征的重叠而导致稍后的RM错误。实验一将在编码时使用表象的生动程度等级来检验视觉表象的生动程度是否能预测以后的记忆错误。实验2将在编码过程中使用干扰任务，以进一步描述视觉注意在编码中的作用。实验3将探讨在记忆提取过程中，现实监控错误是否伴随着回忆信息。这项研究的目的是为了更全面地了解产生成功和不成功记忆编码的认知和神经过程。特别是，这些研究将探讨视觉注意在知觉和想象的视觉对象表征编码中的作用。这项拟议的研究将使用时空脑成像技术，将功能磁共振成像(FMRI)与脑磁图(MEG)和脑电(EEG)相结合，研究记忆编码过程中导致错误记忆的认知和神经事件，以及研究记忆提取过程中与真实记忆和错误记忆相关的大脑活动的异同。拟议的实验将解决现实监测(RM)错误的机制，当人们混淆想象的事件和感知的事件时，就会发生这种错误。这样的错误会通过要求受试者想象物体，并向他们展示一半物体的图片来诱导。当后来对图片进行记忆测试时，预计受试者有时会声称看到了他们只是想象的物体的图片，因此犯了RM错误。预计在编码过程中对象的更生动的视觉图像将通过增加想象的和看到的对象的记忆特征的重叠而导致稍后的RM错误。实验一将在编码时使用表象的生动程度等级来检验视觉表象的生动程度是否能预测以后的记忆错误。实验2将在编码过程中使用干扰任务，以进一步描述视觉注意在编码中的作用。实验3将探讨在记忆提取过程中，现实监控错误是否伴随着回忆信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of the proposed research is to gain a more complete understanding of the cognitive and neural processes that yield successful and unsuccessful memory encoding. In particular, these studies will address the role of visual attention in the encoding of perceived and imagined visual object representations. The proposed research will use spatio-temporal brain imaging techniques, combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), to study the cognitive and neural events during memory encoding that lead to later false memories, as well as to study the similarities and differences in brain activity associated with true and false memories during memory retrieval. The proposed experiments will address the mechanisms for reality-monitoring (RM) errors, which occur when one confuses imagined events with perceived events. Such errors will be induced by requiring subjects to imagine objects and showing them pictures of half of the objects. When later tested for memory for the pictures, it is expected that subjects will sometimes claim to have seen a picture of an object that they only imagined, thus making a RM error. It is expected that more vivid visual imagery of objects during encoding will lead to later RM errors by increasing the overlap in memory features of imagined and seen objects. Experiment 1 will use vividness ratings during imagery at encoding to test whether vividness of visual imagery predicts later RM errors. Experiment 2 will use interference tasks during encoding to further delineate the role of visual attention in encoding. Experiment 3 will address whether reality-monitoring errors are accompanied by recollective information during memory retrieval. The goal of the proposed research is to gain a more complete understanding of the cognitive and neural processes that yield successful and unsuccessful memory encoding. In particular, these studies will address the role of visual attention in the encoding of perceived and imagined visual object representations. The proposed research will use spatio-temporal brain imaging techniques, combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), to study the cognitive and neural events during memory encoding that lead to later false memories, as well as to study the similarities and differences in brain activity associated with true and false memories during memory retrieval. The proposed experiments will address the mechanisms for reality-monitoring (RM) errors, which occur when one confuses imagined events with perceived events. Such errors will be induced by requiring subjects to imagine objects, and showing them pictures of half of the objects. When later tested for memory for the pictures, it is expected that subjects will sometimes claim to have seen a picture of an object that they only imagined, thus making a RM error. It is expected that more vivid visual imagery of objects during encoding will lead to later RM errors by increasing the overlap in memory features of imagined and seen objects. Experiment 1 will use vividness ratings during imagery at encoding to test whether vividness of visual imagery predicts later RM errors. Experiment 2 will use interference tasks during encoding to further delineate the role of visual attention in encoding. Experiment 3 will address whether reality-monitoring errors are accompanied by recollective information during memory retrieval.