Neurocognitive mechanisms of reality-monitoring failure

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的目标是更全面地了解产生成功和不成功的记忆编码的认知和神经过程。特别是，这些研究将解决视觉注意在感知和想象的视觉对象表征编码中的作用。本研究将利用时空脑成像技术，结合功能磁共振成像（fMRI）、脑磁图（MEG）和脑电图（EEG），研究记忆编码过程中导致错误记忆的认知和神经事件，以及记忆提取过程中与真实和错误记忆相关的大脑活动的异同。提出的实验将解决现实监测（RM）错误的机制，当人们将想象的事件与感知的事件混淆时，就会发生这种错误。通过要求受试者想象物体，并向他们展示其中一半物体的图片，可以诱发这种错误。当稍后测试对图片的记忆时，预计受试者有时会声称看到了他们只是想象出来的物体的图片，从而犯了RM错误。预期在编码过程中对物体的视觉意象越生动，会增加想象和看到的物体的记忆特征重叠，从而导致后期的RM错误。实验1将使用图像编码时的生动度评分来测试视觉图像的生动度是否能预测随后的RM误差。实验2将使用编码过程中的干扰任务进一步描述视觉注意在编码中的作用。实验3将探讨在记忆提取过程中，现实监控错误是否伴随着回忆信息。这项研究的目的是为了更全面地了解产生成功和不成功的记忆编码的认知和神经过程。特别是，这些研究将解决视觉注意在感知和想象的视觉对象表征编码中的作用。本研究将利用时空脑成像技术，结合功能磁共振成像（fMRI）、脑磁图（MEG）和脑电图（EEG），研究记忆编码过程中导致错误记忆的认知和神经事件，以及记忆提取过程中与真实和错误记忆相关的大脑活动的异同。提出的实验将解决现实监测（RM）错误的机制，当人们将想象的事件与感知的事件混淆时，就会发生这种错误。通过要求受试者想象物体，并向他们展示其中一半物体的图片，可以诱发这种错误。当稍后测试对图片的记忆时，预计受试者有时会声称看到了他们只是想象出来的物体的图片，从而犯了RM错误。预期在编码过程中对物体的视觉意象越生动，会增加想象和看到的物体的记忆特征重叠，从而导致后期的RM错误。实验1将使用图像编码时的生动度评分来测试视觉图像的生动度是否能预测随后的RM误差。实验2将使用编码过程中的干扰任务进一步描述视觉注意在编码中的作用。实验3将探讨在记忆提取过程中，现实监控错误是否伴随着回忆信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of the proposed research is to gain a more complete understanding of the cognitive and neural processes that yield successful and unsuccessful memory encoding. In particular, these studies will address the role of visual attention in the encoding of perceived and imagined visual object representations. The proposed research will use spatio-temporal brain imaging techniques, combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), to study the cognitive and neural events during memory encoding that lead to later false memories, as well as to study the similarities and differences in brain activity associated with true and false memories during memory retrieval. The proposed experiments will address the mechanisms for reality-monitoring (RM) errors, which occur when one confuses imagined events with perceived events. Such errors will be induced by requiring subjects to imagine objects and showing them pictures of half of the objects. When later tested for memory for the pictures, it is expected that subjects will sometimes claim to have seen a picture of an object that they only imagined, thus making a RM error. It is expected that more vivid visual imagery of objects during encoding will lead to later RM errors by increasing the overlap in memory features of imagined and seen objects. Experiment 1 will use vividness ratings during imagery at encoding to test whether vividness of visual imagery predicts later RM errors. Experiment 2 will use interference tasks during encoding to further delineate the role of visual attention in encoding. Experiment 3 will address whether reality-monitoring errors are accompanied by recollective information during memory retrieval. The goal of the proposed research is to gain a more complete understanding of the cognitive and neural processes that yield successful and unsuccessful memory encoding. In particular, these studies will address the role of visual attention in the encoding of perceived and imagined visual object representations. The proposed research will use spatio-temporal brain imaging techniques, combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), to study the cognitive and neural events during memory encoding that lead to later false memories, as well as to study the similarities and differences in brain activity associated with true and false memories during memory retrieval. The proposed experiments will address the mechanisms for reality-monitoring (RM) errors, which occur when one confuses imagined events with perceived events. Such errors will be induced by requiring subjects to imagine objects, and showing them pictures of half of the objects. When later tested for memory for the pictures, it is expected that subjects will sometimes claim to have seen a picture of an object that they only imagined, thus making a RM error. It is expected that more vivid visual imagery of objects during encoding will lead to later RM errors by increasing the overlap in memory features of imagined and seen objects. Experiment 1 will use vividness ratings during imagery at encoding to test whether vividness of visual imagery predicts later RM errors. Experiment 2 will use interference tasks during encoding to further delineate the role of visual attention in encoding. Experiment 3 will address whether reality-monitoring errors are accompanied by recollective information during memory retrieval.