Neurocognitive mechanisms of reality-monitoring failure

现实监控失败的神经认知机制

• 批准号: 6663689
• 负责人: BRIAN D GONSALVES
• 金额: $ 4.64万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-30 至 2005-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6663689
• 关键词: attention; behavior test; brain electrical activity; clinical research; cognition; electroencephalography; evoked potentials; experience; functional magnetic resonance imaging; hippocampus; human subject; imagery; imagination; magnetoencephalography; mathematics; memory; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; perception; postdoctoral investigator; prefrontal lobe /cortex; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of the proposed research is to gain a more complete understanding of the cognitive and neural processes that yield successful and unsuccessful memory encoding. In particular, these studies will address the role of visual attention in the encoding of perceived and imagined visual object representations. The proposed research will use spatio-temporal brain imaging techniques, combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), to study the cognitive and neural events during memory encoding that lead to later false memories, as well as to study the similarities and differences in brain activity associated with true and false memories during memory retrieval. The proposed experiments will address the mechanisms for reality-monitoring (RM) errors, which occur when one confuses imagined events with perceived events. Such errors will be induced by requiring subjects to imagine objects and showing them pictures of half of the objects. When later tested for memory for the pictures, it is expected that subjects will sometimes claim to have seen a picture of an object that they only imagined, thus making a RM error. It is expected that more vivid visual imagery of objects during encoding will lead to later RM errors by increasing the overlap in memory features of imagined and seen objects. Experiment 1 will use vividness ratings during imagery at encoding to test whether vividness of visual imagery predicts later RM errors. Experiment 2 will use interference tasks during encoding to further delineate the role of visual attention in encoding. Experiment 3 will address whether reality-monitoring errors are accompanied by recollective information during memory retrieval. The goal of the proposed research is to gain a more complete understanding of the cognitive and neural processes that yield successful and unsuccessful memory encoding. In particular, these studies will address the role of visual attention in the encoding of perceived and imagined visual object representations. The proposed research will use spatio-temporal brain imaging techniques, combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), to study the cognitive and neural events during memory encoding that lead to later false memories, as well as to study the similarities and differences in brain activity associated with true and false memories during memory retrieval. The proposed experiments will address the mechanisms for reality-monitoring (RM) errors, which occur when one confuses imagined events with perceived events. Such errors will be induced by requiring subjects to imagine objects, and showing them pictures of half of the objects. When later tested for memory for the pictures, it is expected that subjects will sometimes claim to have seen a picture of an object that they only imagined, thus making a RM error. It is expected that more vivid visual imagery of objects during encoding will lead to later RM errors by increasing the overlap in memory features of imagined and seen objects. Experiment 1 will use vividness ratings during imagery at encoding to test whether vividness of visual imagery predicts later RM errors. Experiment 2 will use interference tasks during encoding to further delineate the role of visual attention in encoding. Experiment 3 will address whether reality-monitoring errors are accompanied by recollective information during memory retrieval.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的目标是更全面地了解产生成功和不成功记忆编码的认知和神经过程。特别是，这些研究将解决视觉注意在编码的感知和想象的视觉对象表征的作用。拟议的研究将使用时空脑成像技术，将功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）与脑磁图（MEG）和脑电描记术（EEG）相结合，研究记忆编码过程中导致后来错误记忆的认知和神经事件，以及研究记忆检索过程中与真实和虚假记忆相关的大脑活动的相似性和差异。拟议的实验将解决现实监测（RM）的错误，这发生在一个混淆想象的事件与感知的事件的机制。要求受试者想象物体，并向他们展示一半物体的图片，就会诱发这种错误。当后来测试对图片的记忆时，预计受试者有时会声称他们只看到了他们想象的物体的图片，从而犯了RM错误。据预计，在编码过程中，更生动的视觉形象的对象将导致后期RM错误，通过增加重叠的记忆功能的想象和看到的对象。实验1将使用生动性评级在图像编码，以测试是否生动的视觉图像预测以后RM错误。实验二将使用编码过程中的干扰任务来进一步描述视觉注意在编码中的作用。实验三将探讨在记忆提取过程中，现实监控错误是否伴随着回忆性信息。这项研究的目的是更全面地了解产生成功和不成功记忆编码的认知和神经过程。特别是，这些研究将解决视觉注意在编码的感知和想象的视觉对象表征的作用。拟议的研究将使用时空脑成像技术，将功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）与脑磁图（MEG）和脑电描记术（EEG）相结合，研究记忆编码过程中导致后来错误记忆的认知和神经事件，以及研究记忆检索过程中与真实和虚假记忆相关的大脑活动的相似性和差异。拟议的实验将解决现实监测（RM）的错误，这发生在一个混淆想象的事件与感知的事件的机制。要求受试者想象物体，并向他们展示一半物体的图片，就会诱发这种错误。当后来测试对图片的记忆时，预计受试者有时会声称他们只看到了他们想象的物体的图片，从而犯了RM错误。据预计，在编码过程中，更生动的视觉形象的对象将导致后期RM错误，通过增加重叠的记忆功能的想象和看到的对象。实验1将使用生动性评级在图像编码，以测试是否生动的视觉图像预测以后RM错误。实验二将使用编码过程中的干扰任务来进一步描述视觉注意在编码中的作用。实验三将探讨在记忆提取过程中，现实监控错误是否伴随着回忆性信息。