Geophysical modelling of fluid movement at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

夏威夷基拉韦厄火山流体运动的地球物理模型

• 批准号: 2100950
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2100950
• 关键词: Geophysical; modelling; fluid; movement; Kilauea

Background and RationaleGeophysical observations and gas emission monitoring are some of the most useful tools for forecasting the behaviour of active volcanoes. However, the disciplines, while linked qualitatively, are rarely analysed together, even though they have profound effects on each other. Several studies (Johnson & Poland 2013, Matthews et al., 2002) have observed that increased fluid alters elastic properties of the rock by filling the microscopic cracks. The measurements of elastic properties have been found to be proxies for determining the state of stress in the crust (Boness & Zoback, 2006). In environments such as active volcanoes, where large amounts of fluids move and gas is released, it is essential to quantify the effect of the fluids on the geophysical measurements. There are also studies (Watson et al., 2000) that have associated the release of magmatic gas with ground deformation through temporal correlation. Usually, however, observations of ground deformation are interpreted solely in terms of subsurface magma movement. The quantification of the effects of changing gas flux will assist volcano observatories to discriminate between the signals of magmatic and non-magmatic fluid movement.Specific objectivesThis project aims to quantify the relationship between fluids such as gas and geophysical variations at active volcanoes using cutting-edge numerical modelling software in conjunction with real volcano monitoring data. The student will model seismic velocity variation, strain and stress due to pressurised fluid-filled cracks in the medium. The models will explore a range of possible parameters and will be tested against analytical solutions and real data.The project will concentrate on the development of the models for a target volcano, for which there is a rich data set. The 2008 summit eruption of Kilauea volcano in Hawaii will be the main focus of the project through collaboration with Dr. Michael Poland at the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The student will visit the Cascades Volcano Observatory to work with Poland on the deformation data and the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory to work with other experts on Kilauea. Research environment and trainingThe project will be conducted primarily in ENV (UEA), where the background and existing knowledge to support this project are excellent. Herd has expertise in volcano deformation and degassing, as well as volcano monitoring. Johnson has a background in volcano seismology and extensive experience with the software involved. Training will be given where necessary.The other institutions involved in this project are the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) and the Cascades Volcano Observatory (CVO), where Poland is the research scientist in volcano geodesy. Training will be given there in geodetic analysis and interpretation. Benefits of visiting HVO will be to talk to other scientists about their understanding of the volcano, observe the volcano first hand, experience a working volcano observatory, and take part in routine maintenance and campaign fieldwork with observatory staffThe transferrable skills obtained during this PhD include general computing (unix) knowledge, use of software widely used in engineering (COMSOL and MATLAB), scientific communication skills, field skills, and critical thinking and research skills.

地球物理观测和气体排放监测是预测活火山活动的一些最有用的工具。然而，这些学科虽然在性质上相互联系，但很少一起分析，尽管它们彼此之间有着深刻的影响。几项研究（约翰逊和波兰，2013年，马修斯等人，2002）观察到，增加的流体通过填充微观裂缝而改变了岩石的弹性特性。弹性特性的测量结果被认为是确定地壳应力状态的替代指标（Boness & Zoback，2006年）。在活火山等环境中，大量流体移动并释放气体，因此必须量化流体对地球物理测量的影响。也有研究（沃森等人，2000），通过时间相关性将岩浆气体的释放与地面变形联系起来。然而，通常，地面变形的观测结果仅被解释为地下岩浆运动。对气体流量变化的影响进行量化将有助于火山观测站区分岩浆和非岩浆流体运动的信号。具体目标本项目旨在利用先进的数值模拟软件，结合真实的火山监测数据，量化活火山气体等流体与地球物理变化之间的关系。学生将模拟由于介质中充满压力流体的裂缝引起的地震速度变化、应变和应力。这些模型将探讨一系列可能的参数，并将对照分析解决办法和真实的数据进行检验，该项目将集中于为一个目标火山建立模型，因为该火山有丰富的数据集。2008年夏威夷基拉韦厄火山的最高峰喷发将是该项目的主要重点，该项目将与美国地质调查局的迈克尔波兰博士合作进行。学生将访问瀑布火山天文台与波兰的变形数据和夏威夷火山天文台与其他专家对基拉韦厄的工作。研究环境和培训该项目将主要在ENV（UEA）进行，那里的背景和现有知识支持该项目是优秀的。赫德在火山变形和脱气以及火山监测方面拥有专业知识。约翰逊有火山地震学的背景和丰富的软件经验。参与这一项目的其他机构是夏威夷火山观测站和喀斯喀特火山观测站，波兰是这两个观测站的火山大地测量研究科学家。将在那里提供大地测量分析和解释方面的培训。访问HVO的好处将是与其他科学家谈论他们对火山的理解，亲自观察火山，体验工作中的火山观测站，并与观测站工作人员一起参加日常维护和活动现场工作。（COMSOL和MATLAB），科学沟通能力，现场技能，批判性思维和研究能力。