3D Image Guided Patient System for Stereotactic Radioth.

描述(申请人提供)：3D共形技术发展迅速 放射治疗和立体定向放射治疗倾向于治疗微小和 高度定制的临床目标，具有非常高的剂量，越来越严格 安装精度变得更加重要。目前，对早期肿瘤的研究较多。 使用CT、MRI和SPECT等成像技术进行检测，治疗计划 使用逆向计划进行优化，并使用调强RT和SRT进行波束管理。 目前，患者再固定技术还缺乏发展。 在此提出的SBIR努力的主要目标是开发一种新的 患者复位术适用于分支性骨折的日常治疗 放射治疗。该技术可以达到较高的准确度和精密度 1毫米，使用一种新型的高速三维(3D)摄像机。这个 可以跟随患者捕获患者的精确3D表面图像 放在治疗沙发上。将表面图像与 从先前的CT扫描或3D视频图像创建的参考3D图像 当病人处于计划的治疗姿势时。三维曲面拟合和 帧减法技术将生成关于以下方面的定量参数 患者-S在所有六个自由度中的定位错误，便于 重新定位调整。因为视频图像是即时获取的，所以 无框架患者再固定系统也提供了一种实时的解决方案 检测和校正患者相对于治疗机的运动 一小部分。 在提议的第一阶段工作中，我们将(1)设计一个准确的患者 使用3D摄像机的回放系统；(2)搭建了样机硬件 3D摄像机和评估临床可行性；(3)开发建议的 三维图像减影和比较算法在患者定位中的应用 错误；(4)改进软件工具，交互可视化，快速 量化3D定位误差；以及(5)进行患者重新定位实验。 拟议的商业应用：拟议的3D成像技术为部分放射治疗重新定位应用增加了一个维度(字面上和形象上)，并将导致新一代放射治疗患者重新定位系统的商业产品。美国有数百台放射治疗机，欧洲有更多的放射治疗机，临床上可以接受的基于3D摄像机的再固定系统的市场规模很大。如果成功，它将对生物医学研究产生重大影响，并将彻底改变目前癌症治疗中的许多固定方法。它将在癌症、身体畸形、矫形术、康复、住院医师培训和教育等重建手术中发挥作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): With rapid development in 3D conformal radiation therapy and stereotactic radiotherapy, which tends to treat small and highly tailored clinical targets with very high doses, increasingly stringent setup accuracy become more important. Currently, many researches in early tumor detection use imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, and SPECT, treatment plan optimization using inverse planning, and beam management using IMRT and SRT. There are lack of development in patient refixation technique. The primary objective of the SBIR effort proposed herein is to develop a novel patient refixation technique feasible for daily treatment of fractionated radiotherapy. The technique can achieve a high accuracy and precision within 1-mm by using a novel high-speed three-dimensional (3D) video camera. The precise 3D-surface images of patient can be captured following the patient positioned on the treatment couch. The surface images are compared with the reference 3D image that is created from the previous CT scans or 3D-video image with the patient in the planned treatment position. The 3D surface fitting and frame subtraction techniques will generate quantitative parameters regarding patient?s positioning error in all six degree-of-freedom, facilitating the re-position adjustment. Because the video image is acquired instantly, this frame-less patient refixation system also provides a solution for the real-time detection and correction of patient motion relative to the treatment machine in a single fraction. In the proposed Phase 1 effort, we will (1) Design an accurate patient refixation system using a 3D video camera; (2) Build prototype hardware of the 3D video camera and assess the clinical feasibility; (3) Develop the proposed 3D image subtraction and comparison algorithms to unfold patient positioning error; (4) Improve the software tools to interactively visualize and rapidly quantify 3D positioning errors; and (5) Perform patient reposition experiments. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATION: The proposed 3D imaging technology adds one more dimension (literally and figuratively) to fractional radiation treatment repositioning applications, and will lead to a new generation of commercial products of patient repositioning systems for radiotherapy. With hundreds of radiation treatment machines in USA and many more in Europe, the market for a clinically acceptable 3D-camera-based refixation system is significant. If it succeeds, it will have a significant impact on biomedical research and will revolutionize many current practices in rafixation during cancer treatment. It would find utility in reconstructive surgery due to cancer, body deformities, orthotics, rehabilitation, resident training and education.