Development of a New Application System for the Rapid Dosing of Crop Protection Chemistries.

开发用于作物保护化学品快速加药的新应用系统。

• 批准号: 2106090
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2106090
• 关键词: Development; New; Application; System; Rapid

Chemically selective herbicides traditionally used to control weeds in agriculture are becoming less effective due to a build-up of resistance [1]. In horticulture, there are fewer herbicides available due to the relative small scale of production compared to other crops (eg. cereals) [2], this project intends to provide a weed control method for a selection of different crops, with initial investigations into horticultural crops such as lettuce. An increase in regulatory controls has also led to the loss of some herbicides, and the slower development of new chemicals across the industry [3]. This has resulted in some farmers relying on expensive hand-weeding to manage weed populations [2], this project attempts to provide an alternative method of weed control.The project aims to develop an original method for the precise application of active ingredients for crop protection and nutrition. This includes the application of traditional products such as herbicides to weeds and nutrients and fungicides to crops. It will therefore allow a significant reduction in the volume of formulation used when compared traditional field spraying [4], reducing the environmental impact and cost of chemical spraying in agriculture.The system will be capable of being mounted on conventional farming equipment or an autonomous vehicle as desired. A main objective of the project is to produce a system capable of moving through the growing area at higher speeds (in excess of 5km/h) and weed density than precision application systems currently available or proposed [5], [6]. The project also aims to develop a system which can accurately target individual plants with a low (but sufficient) quantity of formulation to reduce the volume of required. Through this research we should be able to provide a physically selective application system that is a viable alternative to current farming practices.The initial research will show consideration for both the state-of-the-art in the field and how technology outside of the norm for the industry may be adapted for use in this project. This will be utilised to provide a design concept for the system including the physical applicator type, sensors and control methods required to provide sufficiently fast actuation and application and precise targeting of the formulation onto plants. Further to this a prototype system will be produced and tested over a range of speeds and weed densities with data collected on the capability of the system to accurately target plants including where targets are correctly found, where they are missed and where plants are incorrectly targeted (eg. Herbicide applied to crop). The amount of formulation used will also be analysed to ensure it is sufficient to provide the appropriate response in the plant, but not excessive to ensure minimal environmental impact. The system will also be tested over a range of different crops to establish its adaptability to different plant types.

传统上用于控制农业杂草的化学选择性除草剂由于抗性的积累而变得不那么有效[1]。在园艺中，与其他作物相比，由于生产规模相对较小，可用的除草剂较少（例如。谷物）[2]，该项目旨在为选择不同作物提供杂草控制方法，并对生菜等园艺作物进行初步调查。监管控制的增加也导致了一些除草剂的流失，以及整个行业新化学品的开发速度放缓[3]。这导致一些农民依赖昂贵的手工除草来管理杂草种群[2]，该项目试图提供一种替代的杂草控制方法。该项目旨在开发一种精确施用作物保护和营养活性成分的原创方法。这包括传统产品的应用，如除草剂对杂草和营养素和杀真菌剂对作物的应用。因此，与传统的田间喷洒相比，它将显著减少所用制剂的体积[4]，降低农业中化学喷洒的环境影响和成本。该系统将能够根据需要安装在传统的农业设备或自动驾驶车辆上。该项目的主要目标是生产一种能够以比目前可用或拟议的精确施用系统更高的速度（超过5 km/h）和杂草密度通过生长区域的系统[5]，[6]。该项目还旨在开发一种系统，该系统可以准确地以低（但足够）量的制剂针对单个植物，以减少所需的量。通过这项研究，我们应该能够提供一个物理选择性的应用系统，这是一个可行的替代目前的农业实践。最初的研究将显示在该领域的最新技术，以及如何在行业规范之外的技术可以适用于本项目的考虑。这将用于提供系统的设计概念，包括物理施用器类型、传感器和控制方法，所述控制方法需要提供足够快的致动和施用以及制剂到植物上的精确靶向。除此之外，还将生产原型系统，并在一定范围的速度和杂草密度下进行测试，收集有关系统准确定位植物的能力的数据，包括正确找到目标的位置，错过目标的位置以及错误定位植物的位置（例如，用于作物的除草剂）。还将分析所用制剂的量，以确保其足以在工厂中提供适当的反应，但不会过量，以确保最小的环境影响。该系统还将在一系列不同的作物上进行测试，以确定其对不同植物类型的适应性。