GEOGRAPHY OF AVAILABILITY AND ALCOHOL PROBLEMS

描述：社区领袖和州立法者在地方和州的努力 制定酒精政策是在缺乏明确的 了解酒精供应产生的机制 有问题的结果。为了理解这些机制，我们必须 考虑到饮酒者在不同的环境中饮酒的方式， 具有不同相关风险的地点，以及这些地点 个人的使用模式在社区环境中表现出来。因此 饮酒地点在空间和时间上的物理安排， 社区的酒吧和餐馆，以及饮酒者消费的家庭， 所有这些都有助于确定与酒精相关的地理模式 问题值得注意的是，这些问题的地理分布（例如， 饮酒和驾驶）对饮酒者和不饮酒者都有影响。因此 饮酒模式和饮酒问题的地理学 社区决策者广泛关注的公共卫生问题。 为了建立饮酒模式、饮酒活动和 饮酒问题的地点人们必须研究饮酒的地理学 地应用地理信息系统分析中的最新方法学进展 数据，目前的研究将研究地理之间的联系， 社区背景下的使用和问题。拟议的三年项目将 测试一系列关于地理之间关系的假设， 可用性和一小部分饮酒问题;与酒精有关的撞车事故， 行人受伤和年轻人饮酒。拟议的研究将： (1)测试可用性、使用和 社区层面的问题;（2）研究 城市一级的可用性和饮用问题;以及（3）开发和 应用技术估计当地的发病率和流行率， 与酒精有关的问题。 该项目的短期目标是测试一些预期的 可用性、使用和问题之间的地理关系， 开发地质统计方法的应用，以分析社区为基础的 地理数据。该项目的长期目标是阐明 可用性-使用问题链接使用地理数据和开发地理 针对预防性保健服务的系统， 服务的特点是执法、教育或控制， 可用性。

DESCRIPTION: Local and state efforts by community leaders and state lawmakers to formulate alcohol policy have proceeded in the absence of a clear understanding of the mechanisms by which alcohol availability produces problematic outcomes. In order to understand these mechanisms, one must consider the ways in which individual drinkers consume alcohol in different locations with different associated risks and the ways in which these individual patterns of use are manifested in community settings. Thus, the physical arrangement of drinking locations in space and time, the location of bars and restaurants in a community, and the homes in which drinkers consume alcohol, all help determine the geographic patterning of alcohol-related problems. Significantly, the geographic distribution of these problems (e.g., drinking and driving) affects drinkers and nondrinkers alike. Thus, the geography of drinking patterns and the geography of drinking problems become public health concerns of broad interest to community policy makers. In order to make the link between drinking patterns, drinking activities and locations of drinking problems one must study the geography of drinking places. Applying recent methodological advances in the analysis of geographic data, the current research will examine geographic links between availability, use and problems in community contexts. The proposed three year project will test a series of hypotheses regarding the relationships between the geography of availability and a small set of drinking problems; alcohol-related crashes, pedestrian injuries, and youth access to alcohol. The proposed research will: (1) test for expected geographic relationships between availability, use, and problems at the community level; (2) examine the relationships between availability and drinking problems at the city level; and (3) develop and apply the technology for estimating local incidence and prevalence rates for alcohol-related problems. The short term goals of the project are to test some of the expected geographic relationships between availability, use and problems and further develop applications of geostatistical methods to the analysis of communitybased geographic data. The long term goals of the project are to elucidate availability-use problem links using geographic data and to develop geographic systems for the targeting of preventive health services, whether these services be characterized in terms of enforcement, education or controls over the of availability.