HIV Risk Reduction for Women with Incarcerated Partners

降低有被监禁伴侣的女性的艾滋病毒风险

• 批准号: 6660264
• 负责人: OLGA A REZNICK
• 金额: $ 54.2万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-30 至 2006-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6660264
• 关键词: AIDS; AIDS education /prevention; HIV infections; behavior modification; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; correctional institutions; disease /disorder proneness /risk; dyadic interaction; health surveys; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human subject; interview; longitudinal human study; model design /development; needle sharing; psychological models; safe sex /sex abstinence; sex behavior; sex partner; social support network; substance abuse related behavior; women's health

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Women with incarcerated male partners are at increased risk for HIV; their vulnerability is conferred by the specific context of their partner?s incarceration. Incarcerated men are over five times more likely than men in the general population to be infected with HIV (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1999). Some are exposed to HIV before incarceration; others are exposed during incarceration from sharing needles or having unprotected sex in prison where condoms and sterile needles are not available. When incarcerated men return home and have unprotected sex or share needles with their partners, their partners are at risk for infection. This is a major public health issue as there are currently over 2 million people incarcerated in the U.S. (over 90 percent males), up to 14 million people pass through the criminal justice system each year, and most inmates are released after a short stay in prison or jail. Although women with incarcerated partners are at increased risk for HIV, there have been no intervention studies specifically targeting HIV risk reduction for this vulnerable population. In this study, we will: (1) Conduct multi-method formative research to refine a population-specific theoretical model of HIV risk and risk reduction for women with incarcerated male partners that includes individual (misinformation, risk denial and minimization, isolation), couple (relationship pressures), and contextual (institutional policies) factors; (2) Develop a population-specific HIV risk reduction intervention for women with incarcerated partners based on the revised theoretical model; (3) Examine the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of the intervention in addressing the risk domains of the model (e.g. increasing accurate information, social support and communication skills) and in reducing unprotected intercourse and needle sharing when partners are released from prison. In the formative phase of the study, we will conduct qualitative interviews with 20 women visiting their incarcerated partners and 15 service providers, and quantitative surveys with 220 women both before and after their partners are released from prison to test a population-specific HIV risk model. Intervention and instrument development will use formative research findings and the input of a Community Advisory Board (CAB). We will use qualitative and quantitative methods to examine the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, and a preliminary test of intervention effectiveness will be accomplished by comparing the 125 intervention participants with a comparison sample that will be recruited and assessed before the intervention cohort.

描述（由申请人提供）：有男性伴侣被监禁的女性感染艾滋病毒的风险增加；他们的脆弱性是由其伴侣被监禁的具体背景造成的。被监禁的男性感染艾滋病毒的可能性是一般人群中男性的五倍以上（司法统计局，1999 年）。有些人在入狱前就接触过艾滋病毒；其他人在监禁期间因共用针头或使用 在没有安全套和无菌针头的监狱中进行无保护的性行为。当被监禁的男子返回家中并进行无保护的性行为或与伴侣共用针头时，他们的伴侣就有感染的风险。这是一个重大的公共卫生问题，因为目前美国有超过 200 万人被监禁（其中 90% 以上是男性），每年有多达 1400 万人接受刑事司法系统的审判，而且大多数囚犯会在短期内被释放。 留在监狱或看守所。尽管伴侣被监禁的女性感染艾滋病毒的风险较高，但目前还没有专门针对降低这一弱势群体的艾滋病毒风险的干预研究。 在本研究中，我们将：（1）开展多方法形成性研究，完善特定人群的艾滋病毒风险理论模型以及减少有男性伴侣被监禁的女性的风险，其中包括个人（错误信息、风险否认和最小化、隔离）、夫妻（关系压力）和背景（制度政策）因素； (2) 制定针对特定人群的 基于修订后的理论模型，对有被监禁伴侣的妇女进行艾滋病毒风险降低干预； (3) 检查干预措施在解决模型风险领域（例如增加准确信息、社会支持和沟通技巧）以及减少伴侣出狱时无保护性交和共用针具的可行性、可接受性和有效性。 在研究的形成阶段，我们将对 20 名探视其被监禁伴侣的女性和 15 名服务提供者进行定性访谈，并在其伴侣出狱前后对 220 名女性进行定量调查，以测试特定人群的艾滋病毒风险模型。干预和工具开发将利用形成性研究结果和社区咨询委员会 (CAB) 的意见。我们将使用 通过定性和定量的方法来检验干预的可行性和可接受性，并将通过将 125 名干预参与者与干预队列之前招募和评估的比较样本进行比较来完成干预有效性的初步测试。