"Feminicide and digital activism: building a feminist community of practice"

近年来，拉丁美洲各地出现了杀害女性的数字地图和数据可视化--被理解为与性别有关的女性暴力死亡。其中包括一张乌拉圭杀害女性的谷歌地图(http://feminicidiouruguay.net)，)，这是我在2015年开始的女权运动的一部分。通过女性杀手的概念，这些数字对象具体传达了女权主义知识，作为一种方法和实践，它们还审视和挑战权力，揭示背景，并动员情感和情感来促进社会和政治变革。在这个意义上，它们可以被理解为女权主义的数据可视化，与女权主义的数据可视化原则保持一致(D Ignazio和Klein 2016)。女性主义学者倡导恢复量化(Oakley 1998)、恢复视觉(Haraway 1991)、重新设想地理信息系统(GIS)(Kwan 2002；另见Nafus 2014；Verran 2011)的方法论，以及重新调整数字地图的用途，用于创造性和参与性的文化和社会研究(Lury and Wakeford 2012；Lammes 2016)。有鉴于此，测绘和测量杀害女性者可被视为“测量暴力以结束暴力”(Walby And Towers 2017)或“让死者有价值”(Tate 2007)的女权主义方法的一部分。然而，尽管女权主义活动家推动的杀害女权问题的知名度越来越高，公共政策也取得了一些进展，但在拉丁美洲，杀害女权仍然“恐吓妇女”(Fregoso和Bejarano，2010年)，这是“妇女暴力最严重的地区”(开发署和妇女署，2017年)。到目前为止，暴力还没有减少，如何在公众意识、识字和公众态度方面实现更广泛和更深层次的转变这一难题仍然具有高度相关性。正是在这种背景下，我希望从经验和方法论上调查数字地图实践在与杀害女性有关的女权主义运动和性别倡导中的方法、形式和影响；将这项工作置于更广泛的数字地图领域进行倡导(见Dorling和Fairbairn 1997；icoClasistas 2016；Playful制图集体2016；Marres和Rogers 2008；战术技术集体[2013]2017；收回技术N.D.)；并具体说明女性主义数字地图方法的独特之处。在这个意义上，这项研究将有助于围绕女性杀戮、女权主义方法论和实践、数字文化和数字制图学的激进主义学术。理解作为表演性的方法，作为在使现实和改变中发挥作用的方法(科尔曼和林罗斯2013,113)，我提出了一种研究方法，就我的项目调查问题倡导的方法来指导它们的发展而言，它本身就是一种形式的激进主义。这个以实践为主导的项目旨在通过对正在进行的倡导实践、组织和项目的实地研究，以及通过我作为一名女权活动家的持续实践，利用我的经验和我与其他活动人士的现有联系，在拉丁美洲绘制和统计杀害女性者的地图，以建立一系列学习活动人士相遇，从而研究女权主义数据可视化。显然有必要对活动家关于杀害女性的方法和做法的影响和潜力形成更深入和更复杂的理解。这个项目建立在我的MA研究的基础上，在那里我参与了情感/情感理论以及女权主义和新唯物主义方法，以探索女权主义活动家统计和绘制厄瓜多尔、墨西哥、西班牙和乌拉圭的杀女案的情感实践和政治。其目的是显著扩大我在这一领域的研究范围，并深化我对数字地图学作为一种“参与式方法”的经验和概念的参与。

In recent years, digital maps and data visualisations of feminicide -understood as gender-related violent deaths of women- have emerged across Latin America. Amongst these is a Google Map of feminicide in Uruguay (http://feminicidiouruguay.net), which I started as part of my feminist activism in 2015. Through the concept of feminicide, these digital objects convey specifically feminist knowledge and, as a methodology and a practice, they also examine and challenge power, reveal context, and mobilise affect and emotion to promote social and political change. In this sense, they can be understood as feminist data visualisations, aligned with feminist principles for data visualisation (D'Ignazio and Klein 2016).Feminist scholars have advocated methodologies that rehabilitate quantification (Oakley 1998), reclaim vision (Haraway 1991), re-envision Geographic Information Systems (GIS) (Kwan 2002; see also Nafus 2014; Verran 2011) and the re-purposing of digital cartography for inventive and engaged cultural and social research (Lury and Wakeford 2012; Lammes 2016). In light of this, mapping and measuring feminicide can be considered part of a feminist methodology of "measuring violence to end violence" (Walby and Towers 2017), or "making the dead count" (Tate 2007). Yet, despite the increased visibility of the issue of feminicide promoted by feminist activists, and some advances in public policy, feminicide is still "terrorizing women" in Latin America (Fregoso and Bejarano 2010), the "most violent region for women" (UNDP and UN Women 2017). The violence has so far not diminished, and the difficult questions about how wider and deeper transformations in public awareness, literacy and public attitudes can be achieved remain highly relevant.It is in this context that I wish to investigate -empirically and methodologically- the methodologies, forms and effects of digital cartographic practices in feminist activism and gender advocacy relating to feminicide; to situate this work in a wider field of digital cartography for advocacy (see Dorling and Fairbairn 1997; iconoclasistas 2016; Playful Mapping Collective 2016; Marres and Rogers 2008; Tactical Technology Collective [2013] 2017; Take Back The Tech n.d.); and to specify what is distinctive about feminist approaches to digital cartography. In this sense, this research will make a contribution to scholarship on activism around feminicide, feminist methodologies and practices, and digital cultures and digital cartography.Understanding methods as performative, as having a role in making reality and making a difference (Coleman and Ringrose 2013, 113), I propose a research methodology that is itself a form of activism insofar as my project investigates methods of issue advocacy in order to inform their development. This practice-led project aims to research feminist data visualisations both through field research of on-going advocacy practices, organisations and projects and through my ongoing practice as a feminist activist, drawing on my experience and my existing connections with other activists mapping and counting feminicide in Latin America to set up a series of learning activist encounters. There is a clear need to develop deeper and more sophisticated understandings about the effects and potentials of activists' methodologies and practices around feminicide. This project builds on my MA research, where I engaged with affect/emotion theories and feminist and new materialist approaches, to explore the affective practices and politics of feminist activists counting and mapping cases of feminicide in Ecuador, Mexico, Spain and Uruguay. The aim is to significantly expand the scope of my research in this area, and to deepen my empirical and conceptual engagement with digital cartography as an "engaged method."