Childhood Vaccine Policy in the U.S. Since 1955

1955 年以来美国的儿童疫苗政策

• 批准号: 6609766
• 负责人: JEFFREY P BAKER
• 金额: $ 7.43万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-01 至 2006-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6609766
• 关键词: active immunization; behavioral /social science research tag; children; disease /disorder prevention /control; governmental health /scientific organization; health /scientific organization; health care policy; health care service utilization; health services research tag; history of life science; literature survey; monograph; public health; public opinion

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): OBJECTIVE: The objective of this project is to produce an historical monograph surveying the principal controversies that have attended child immunization in the United States over the past half-century. Within this framework it will describe the evolution of vaccine policy, with the intent of illuminating its effectiveness and consequences. It will relate how health professionals have engaged with other social groups (public health organizations, government agencies, the courts, media, and anti-vaccine groups) to define and construct American vaccine policy. SIGNIFICANCE: Current childhood immunization policy has evolved over the past 50 years in an often fragmented and reactive manner. An understanding of its history, beginning with the first national immunization drives following polio vaccine through the litigation crises surrounding pertussis vaccine, is essential to the re-formulation of a more coherent and unified national policy. Although enormous strides have been made in immunization delivery over the past twenty-five years, two other developments threaten to undermine this progress. The rise of anti-vaccine sentiment, fueled by the media and expressed through litigation, has become an important political force that remains poorly understood by the medical profession. Corporations also have been withdrawing from vaccine research, threatening higher prices and supply shortages. This project will seek to show how efforts to promote vaccine delivery, development, and safety can affect and even undermine one another. METHODS: The historical research involved in this project will include primary source material in the published literature as well as select archives. Its time frame will be bounded by 1956 (the release of the Salk vaccine) and the Childhood Immunization Act of 1993. The text will focus on the issues raised by three vaccines (DTP, measles, and pertussis)and the public issues and controversies generated by each. Sources will include professional medical literature, legal cases, popular media, and extensive government documents related to congressional hearings and policy.

描述（由申请人提供）：目的：该项目的目的是制作历史专着，调查过去半个世纪在美国参加儿童免疫的主要争议。在此框架内，它将描述疫苗政策的演变，目的是阐明其有效性和后果。它将联系卫生专业人员如何与其他社会团体（公共卫生组织，政府机构，法院，媒体和反疫苗组织）互动，以定义和构建美国疫苗政策。 意义：过去50年来，当前的童年免疫政策以一种经常零散和反应的方式发展。从脊髓灰质炎疫苗通过围绕百日咳疫苗的诉讼危机开始，对其历史的理解对于重新制定了更连贯和统一的国家政策至关重要。尽管在过去的25年中，在免疫传递方面取得了巨大的进步，但另外两个发展有可能破坏这一进展。媒体并通过诉讼表达的反疫苗情绪的兴起已成为一支重要的政治力量，医学界仍然对众所周知。 公司还一直在退出疫苗研究，威胁到更高的价格和供应短缺。该项目将寻求展示如何促进疫苗输送，开发和安全性的努力会影响甚至互相破坏。 方法：该项目所涉及的历史研究将包括已发表文献和精选档案的主要原始资料。它的时间范围将在1956年（salk疫苗的发布）和1993年的《儿童免疫法》界定。该文本将重点关注三种疫苗（DTP，麻疹和百日咳）提出的问题，以及每种疫苗产生的公共问题和争议。 消息来源将包括专业的医学文献，法律案件，受欢迎的媒体以及与国会听证会和政策有关的广泛政府文件。