LANGUAGE

描述(由申请人提供)： 日常生活中常见的、毫不费力的语言的理解和产生，需要以毫秒级的精度协调多种语言和认知过程。其中一些语言成分包括语音感知、回声言语记忆、词汇存储、词汇提取、将单词与相关单词和概念相关联、应用语法规则、查找单词的音素表示，以及计划和执行发音器动作。新技术支持对支持这些组件的精确神经结构的研究，以及它们相互作用的时间进程，精度越来越高。这个项目的目标是调查语言的三个组成部分所涉及的大脑区域，我们之前的工作分离了似乎对这些功能有贡献的大脑区域：发音、词汇语义和语言处理的执行控制。在这项拟议的研究中，我们将调查这些大脑区域的特定功能角色，它们被招募到语言系统的时间进程，这些区域相互作用的方式，以及它们如何与支持语言所需认知技能的其他区域(如记忆和执行功能)相互作用。 我们的提案使用了我们小组中可用的三项技术，病变分析、功能性NMI和事件相关电位。损伤分析将被用来将失语症患者的语言行为的组成部分与受影响的特定大脑区域相关联。由于病变分析分离了干扰特定功能的区域，但没有具体说明其在实时处理中的作用，功能磁共振实验将与失语症患者的任务并行，但将调查这些区域在正常受试者语言使用中的功能角色。ERP研究将被用来检验词汇选择和执行控制过程的时间进程，以确定它们进入语言使用的时间点，以及它们与其他认知功能相互作用的时间。总之，这种罕见的技术组合将让我们更多地了解涉及言语和语言的大脑区域，它们的功能贡献，以及它们参与的时间进程。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The comprehension and production of language, common and effortless in everyday life, require the coordination of multiple linguistic and cognitive processes with millisecond accuracy. Some of these language components include speech perception, echoic verbal memory, lexical-storage, lexical retrieval, associating words with related words and concepts, applying grammatical rules, finding phonemic representations for words, and planning and executing articulator movements. New technologies support the investigation of the precise neural structures that support these components and the time course of their interactions with ever-greater precision. The goal of this project is to investigate the brain areas involved in three components of language for which our previous work has isolated brain regions that appear to contribute to these functions: articulation, lexical semantics, and executive control of language processing. In the proposed study, we will investigate the specific functional roles of these brain areas, the time course with which they are recruited into the language system, the ways in which these areas interact with each other, and how they interact with other areas that support the cognitive skills necessary for language (e.g., memory and executive functioning). Our proposal uses three technologies available to us in our group, lesion analysis, functional NMI, and event related potentials. Lesion analysis will be used to correlate components of language behavior of aphasic patients who exhibit deficits with the specific brain regions affected. Because lesion analysis isolates the area that disrupts a particular function, but does not specify its role in real-time processing, functional MRI experiments will parallel the tasks used with aphasic patients but will investigate the functional roles of these areas in language use by normal subjects. ERP studies will be used to examine the time course of lexical selection and executive control processes to determine the points at which they enter into language use and when they interact with other cognitive functions. Together, this rare combination of techniques will teach us more about the brain areas involved in speech and language, their functional contributions, and the time course of their involvement.