Neural Mechanisms of Song vs Speech Production: Insights from Aphasia and Intracranial Recording

项目总结/摘要 尽管对语言的神经机制进行了广泛的探索， 为什么在某些失语症患者中，通过歌曲表达的语言比通过言语表达的语言要少。到 为了研究这一现象，目前的研究采取了一种创新的方法来研究大脑是如何 通过歌曲和言语来表达语言。我们将定义行为模式和结构， 歌唱的功能神经解剖学，合并来自两个不同患者队列和两个不同 方法：脑卒中后失语症患者（n=30）和植入电极的神经外科患者 （n=20）。两组受试者将接受相同的语音和语言任务测试，但处理方式不同 要求：运动言语，单词检索，和句子启动任务。每项任务都将以两种语言呈现 和Song模态。在失语症患者中，我们将分析错误模式并检查受损的神经元 与特定性能特征相关的结构，而在神经外科队列中，分析将转移 每个任务背后的时间动态和活动地点。行为和病变的新组合 分析失语症患者和神经外科患者的颅内脑电图（iEEG）， 为歌唱的行为和神经机制提供了独特的见解。 我们将首先确定口语的哪些方面在歌曲中比在演讲中表达得更流畅 由失语症患者用不同的损伤轮廓。其次，我们将识别哪些灰质结构 纤维通路支持在歌曲中产生话语的能力。对比幸存和受损的大脑 在那些唱得更好的人和那些唱得不好的人之间的区域将勾勒出左半球的区域 这对歌唱语音的产生至关重要。识别两组之间唯一备用的纤维通路 将提供关于哪些结构连接支持歌唱与口语语音产生的进一步信息。 第三，我们将确定口语与歌唱的宽带高频神经活动（HFA; 70-150 Hz） 语言生产。我们将使用来自神经外科患者的iEEG记录，并比较神经系统的差异。 他们在唱歌和说话时的活动，因为他们完成了同样的三个演讲和语言任务。这将 通过检查右半球区域补充先前的病变和纤维束成像分析， 参与口语和歌唱语言产生的区域之间的半球内和半球间的交流。 总的来说，这两种方法的新颖组合，用于调查歌曲与语音生产使用相同的 一组语音和语言任务以前从未完成过，将为我们了解 这两个系统之间的分离，概述了不同的行为模式，神经机制和时间 动力学临床意义是相当大的针对性的语言和语言治疗中风 幸存者以及其他有语言产生缺陷的临床人群。

Project Summary/Abstract Despite extensive exploration into the neural mechanisms of language, there is no conclusive explanation for why language expression through song is spared relative to speech in certain individuals with aphasia. To investigate this phenomenon, the current study takes an innovative approach in examining how the brain expresses language through song versus speech. We will define behavioral patterns and the structural and functional neuroanatomy of singing, merging evidence from two distinct patient cohorts and two different methodologies: individuals with post-stroke aphasia (n=30), and neurosurgical patients with implanted electrodes (n=20). Both cohorts will be tested on the same set of speech and language tasks with different processing demands: motor speech, word retrieval, and a sentence priming task. Each task will be presented in both spoken and sung modalities. In participants with aphasia, we will analyze error patterns and inspect damaged neural structures associated with specific performance profiles, while in the neurosurgical cohort, the analysis will shift to temporal dynamics and sites of activity underlying each task. The novel combination of behavioral and lesion analysis in people with aphasia and intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in neurosurgical patients will provide unique insights into the behavioral and neural mechanisms of singing. We will first determine which aspects of spoken language are expressed more fluently in song than in speech by people with aphasia with different profiles of impairment. Second, we will identify which gray matter structures and fiber pathways support the ability to produce utterances in song. Contrasting spared and damaged brain areas between those who do better with singing and those who do not will outline regions in the left hemisphere that are critical for sung speech production. Identifying fiber pathways uniquely spared between the two groups will provide further information about which structural connections support sung vs. spoken speech production. Third, we will determine the broadband high-frequency neural activity (HFA; 70-150 Hz) of spoken versus sung language production. We will use iEEG recordings from neurosurgical patients and compare differences in neural activity during singing and speaking as they complete the same three speech and language tasks. This will complement the previous lesion and tractography analyses by also examining right hemisphere regions and intra- and interhemispheric communication between regions involved in spoken and sung language production. Overall, the novel combination of these two methods for investigating song vs speech production using the same set of speech and language tasks has never been accomplished before and will shed new light on the dissociation between these two systems, outlining distinct behavioral patterns, neural mechanisms, and temporal dynamics. The clinical implications are considerable for targeted speech and language therapy for stroke survivors as well as other clinical populations who have language production deficits.