Evolution of primate sociality: Conflict and coordination in great apes
灵长类社会性的进化:类人猿的冲突与协调
基本信息
- 批准号:2113269
- 负责人:
- 金额:--
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Studentship
- 财政年份:2018
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2018 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Group decision-making plays a critical role in the evolution of social cognition (Dunbar and Shultz 2017). Nonhuman primates are ideal models for understanding the evolution of coordination and conflict because of the complexity of their societies and the implications for human evolution. Pairs of chimpanzees, for instance, can coordinate to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes (e.g., Melis et al., 2006), yet almost nothing is known about how larger groups solve collective action problems. Chimpanzee coordination may be due to the pursuit of personal goals rather than collective decisions. For instance, chimpanzee prosocial behaviour, such as helping, is as a byproduct of self-regarding pursuits, with prosocial benefits arising as a by-product (Tennie, Jensen & Call, 2016). Humans, who are exceptionally skilled co-operators, struggle to solve collective action problems. While the assumption is that "many hands make short work," both individuals and the groups themselves become less efficient and less productive as group size increases (Ringelmann Effect). This may be due to decreasing effort and motivation with group size, or it may be that coordination problems increase with group size. In addition to motivation and coordination problems, difficulty in consensus can also result where an optimal collective decision may be in conflict with individual preferences. The key goal of this project is to determine the maximum group size that can be maintained by chimpanzees in a cooperative paradigm and how they solve collective action problems when outside options are available or not. When conflicts arise from coordination failure, free-riding or non-conformity, punishment can be used to correct behaviour and improving group outcomes. Yet evidence for this sort of behaviour correction in nonhuman primates is limited (Jensen, Call &Tomasello, 2007). An important component of the project will be examining how chimpanzees respond to free-riding and noncomformity in group settings. Finally, the project will seek to understand the motivational basis for conflicts and how these are resolved. A dominant theory is that post-conflict behaviour functions to restore relationships, but this might be a byproduct of self-motivated comfort seeking. An important aspect of all of these projects is the role of social networks (and networks more broadly) in providing a predictive model for information dissemination and consensus building. The PhD student will be trained in social network and phylogenetic analyses, observational and experimental methods, as well as engineering test equipment
群体决策在社会认知的演变中起着关键作用(Dunbar and Shultz 2017)。非人类灵长类动物是理解协调和冲突进化的理想模型,因为它们的社会复杂性和对人类进化的影响。例如,成对的黑猩猩可以协调以实现互利的结果(例如,Melis等人,2006年),但几乎没有人知道更大的群体如何解决集体行动问题。黑猩猩的协调可能是由于追求个人目标,而不是集体决策。例如,黑猩猩的亲社会行为,如帮助,是自我关注追求的副产品,亲社会利益作为副产品出现(Tennie,詹森& Call,2016)。人类是非常熟练的合作者,他们努力解决集体行动问题。虽然假设是“人多事短”,但随着群体规模的增加,个人和群体本身的效率和生产力都会降低(林格曼效应)。这可能是由于随着群体规模的增加,努力和动机减少,或者可能是协调问题随着群体规模的增加而增加。除了动机和协调问题外,当最佳集体决策可能与个人偏好发生冲突时,也可能导致难以达成共识。该项目的主要目标是确定黑猩猩在合作范式中可以维持的最大群体规模,以及当外部选项可用或不可用时,它们如何解决集体行动问题。当冲突源于协调失败、搭便车或不一致时,惩罚可以用来纠正行为和改善群体成果。然而,在非人类灵长类动物中进行这种行为矫正的证据有限(詹森,Call &Tomasello,2007)。该项目的一个重要组成部分将是研究黑猩猩如何应对群体环境中的搭便车和不从众行为。最后,该项目将寻求了解冲突的动机基础以及如何解决这些冲突。一种主流理论认为,冲突后的行为有助于恢复关系,但这可能是自我激励寻求舒适的副产品。所有这些项目的一个重要方面是社交网络(以及更广泛的网络)在为信息传播和建立共识提供预测模型方面的作用。博士生将接受社会网络和系统发育分析,观察和实验方法以及工程测试设备的培训
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
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其他文献
吉治仁志 他: "トランスジェニックマウスによるTIMP-1の線維化促進機序"最新医学. 55. 1781-1787 (2000)
Hitoshi Yoshiji 等:“转基因小鼠中 TIMP-1 的促纤维化机制”现代医学 55. 1781-1787 (2000)。
- DOI:
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LiDAR Implementations for Autonomous Vehicle Applications
- DOI:
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2021 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
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吉治仁志 他: "イラスト医学&サイエンスシリーズ血管の分子医学"羊土社(渋谷正史編). 125 (2000)
Hitoshi Yoshiji 等人:“血管医学与科学系列分子医学图解”Yodosha(涉谷正志编辑)125(2000)。
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Effect of manidipine hydrochloride,a calcium antagonist,on isoproterenol-induced left ventricular hypertrophy: "Yoshiyama,M.,Takeuchi,K.,Kim,S.,Hanatani,A.,Omura,T.,Toda,I.,Akioka,K.,Teragaki,M.,Iwao,H.and Yoshikawa,J." Jpn Circ J. 62(1). 47-52 (1998)
钙拮抗剂盐酸马尼地平对异丙肾上腺素引起的左心室肥厚的影响:“Yoshiyama,M.,Takeuchi,K.,Kim,S.,Hanatani,A.,Omura,T.,Toda,I.,Akioka,
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