Climate Response to Short-lived Pollutants (CReSP)

该项目量化了气候对短期气候污染物(SLCP)的反应，如甲烷、臭氧、烟尘和硫酸盐；这些污染物影响气候，但其未来的浓度也由空气质量政策决定。由于空气质量改善措施，预计这些污染物的排放量在未来几十年将发生重大变化，因此了解这些措施将对气候产生什么影响，特别是在短期内，是至关重要的。该项目的总体目标将是通过量化从不同地点排放的一系列污染物在湿度和云量方面的气象变化(“快速调整”)来推进科学，从而确定它们对温度和降水的总体气候影响。学生将使用UKESM1在3个地区逐一更改SLCP的排放，运行仅限大气的模拟。他们将使用创新的建模技术来限制气候模型的快速调整，例如通过限制(“轻推”)风的变化，并分别轻推对流层和平流层的温度响应。他们将开发模型输出的分析方法，以诊断地球的辐射平衡和由此产生的气象变量的快速调整。学生将运行苏格拉底模型，从气候模型中单独计算辐射不平衡，以便单独量化每个气象变化的影响，并将这些影响与气候模型的总影响进行比较。他们将把研究结果应用于改善空气质素的情景，以评估沙田核心计划的全面影响。

This project quantifies the climate response to Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs) such as methane, ozone, soot and sulphate; which affect the climate but whose future concentrations are also determined by air quality policy. Significant changes in emissions of these pollutants are expected over the next few decades due to air quality improvement measures, therefore it is crucial to understand what these measures will do to climate, particularly in the near term. The overall goal of the project will be to advance the science by quantifying the meteorological changes in moisture and cloudiness ("rapid adjustments") from a range of pollutants emitted from different locations, and hence determine their overall climate effects on temperature and precipitation.. The student will run atmosphere-only simulations with UKESM1 changing the emissions of SLCPs one at a time in 3 regions. They will use innovative modelling techniques to restrict the rapid adjustments in the climate model, e.g. by restricting ("nudging") the changes in winds, and nudging the temperature response separately in the troposphere and stratosphere. They will develop analysis methods on the model output to diagnose the Earth's radiative balance and the consequent rapid adjustments in meteorological variables. The student will run the SOCRATES model to calculate the radiative imbalances separately from the climate model in order to individually quantify the impacts of each of the meteorological changes and compare these with the total effect from the climate model. They will apply the findings to an air quality improvement scenario to assess the full impact of SLCPs