Modelling the city from the kitchen to the national grid: multi-scale Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring

该项目旨在监测城市中不同尺度的人员流动，特别关注过渡空间，以便为空间的运营使用和设计/规划提供信息。过渡空间，特别是人们在其中的移动将被用作镜头，通过这个镜头，数据发现、管理和治理问题将得到解决，调查标准、技术和流程，以及如何将这些系统集成到建模系统中，以提高当前的理解。对过渡空间的关注是因为这是紧缩点发生的地方，因此提高其效率可以在整个城市中带来广泛的利益，包括相互依存的基础设施，以及使使用空间的人们更安全。本项目提出的研究问题是：*需要什么样的数据和数据收集、分析和可视化方法来模拟城市中不同规模的人员流动？*在整个城市共享和访问数据时，需要什么样的数据管理、访问和隐私标准？*如何使多个物联网系统（特别是用于人员监控的系统）具有互操作性，并随后集成到一个无缝系统中？*需要哪些分析模型来加深对城市的了解？如何收集参数化分析模型所需的数据？与这些研究问题相关的目标是：1)对文献进行全面的回顾，包括现有的技术、分析和标准；2)开发和比较不同的人员监测方法，这些方法可以应用于不同的地点，并在整个城市中扩展；3)开发和设计标准，以促进数据共享的原型API，并随后开发一个原型应用程序来集成人员监测系统；4)开发原型分析工具，例如使用基于Agent的模型执行预测建模，该模型可以使用跨域的传感器数据进行参数化，增强和验证。为了主要回答这些问题并处理这些目标，我们将处理一组用例。纽卡斯尔作为一个城市，由于其便利的地理位置和城市天文台已经建立的物联网监控基础设施，将被用作该项目的载体。不过，只要有足够的适当基础设施，这项研究仍可转移到其他城市。用例将利用纪念碑地铁站和城市科学大楼作为研究的测试平台。

This project aims to monitor people movement at different scales across the city, with a particular focus on transitional spaces, in order to inform operational usage and design/planning of spaces. Transitional spaces and especially people movement within and through them will be used as the lens through which the issues of data discovery, management and governance will be addressed investigating standards, technologies and processes and how these systems can be integrated within modelling systems to improve current understanding. The focus on transitional spaces is because this is where pinch points occur, so making it more efficient can lead to propagated benefits across the city as a whole, including their interdependent infrastructure, as well as making it safer for the people using the spaces.The research questions proposed by this project are:* What data and methods of data collection, analysis and visualisation is required to model people movement at different scales within the city?* What standards of data management, access and privacy are needed when making data useable in a shared and accessible across the city?* How can multiple IoT systems, particularly those for people monitoring, be made interoperable and subsequently integrated into a seamless system?* What analytical models are required to enhance understanding of the city, and how can the data needed to parametrise them be collected?The objectives related to these research questions are:1) Conduct a comprehensive review of the literature, including the pre-existing technology, analytics and standards2) Develop and compare different methods of people monitoring, which can be applied to various locations and scalable throughout the city3) Develop, and design standards to facilitate, a prototype API for data sharing, and subsequently prototype an application to integrate people monitoring systems; this shall also consider data security and privacy4) Develop prototype analytical tools, an example being to perform predictive modelling using an Agent Based Model which can be parametrised, enhanced and validated using sensor data across domains.In order to primarily answer these questions and address these objectives, a group of use cases will be worked on. Newcastle, as a city, will be utilised as a vehicle for the project, given its convenient location and pre-existing IoT monitoring infrastructure that the Urban Observatory have established. However, the research will remain transferable to other cities providing sufficient suitable infrastructure exists. The use cases are set to utilise Monument Metro Station and the Urban Sciences Building as testbeds for the research.