Speech Perception by Infants after Cochlear Implantation

人工耳蜗植入后婴儿的言语感知

• 批准号: 6674256
• 负责人: Derek M Houston
• 金额: $ 33.86万
• 依托单位: INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6674256
• 关键词: attention; auditory stimulus; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cochlear implants; deafness; early experience; human subject; human therapy evaluation; infant human (0-1 year); language development; medical implant science; patient oriented research; preschool child (1-5); sound perception; speech recognition; visual perception; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall objective of this research project is to develop behaviorally based methodologies that will provide clinicians and researchers with new tools for assessing auditory-perceptual processing skills of deaf infants before and at regular intervals following cochlear implantation. A new laboratory has been constructed at the Indiana University School of Medicine to implement two behavioral procedures that have been used extensively by developmental scientists to study speech perception and language development in normal hearing infants. Infants are seated in a sound booth in front of a TV monitor from which auditory and visual stimuli are presented. In the Visual Habituation (VH) procedure, the duration of infants' looking times to a visual display in response to different types of speech sounds is measured. In the Preferential Looking Paradigm (PLP), infants are first presented with two novel-word/novel-object pairings. After exposure, they are then presented with both visual objects and one of the novel words. Their looking times to the two objects is measured to determine if they look longer to the visual object that was paired with the novel word. These two techniques have been adapted and used to test 20 deaf infants before and after implantation in our preliminary studies. We propose to use the VH and PLP to address four specific aims. In Specific Aim 1, we will use VH to assess deaf infants' selective attention and speech discrimination skills before and longitudinally after implantation. In Specific Aim 2, we will use VH to assess deaf infants' sensitivity to language-specific segmental and suprasegmental properties of their native language after several months of experience with a CI. In Specific Aim 3, we will use the PLP to measure and assess deaf infants' word learning skills after several months of CI use. Finally, in Specific Aim 4, we will assess the relations between infants' performance on the above tests and their later speech and language skills at 2 to 4 years of age, which will be measured using traditional clinical outcome measures. The proposed research addresses pressing clinical issues regarding the potential benefits of very early cochlear implantation on deaf infants' speech and language development. These new measures will provide clinicians and researchers with tools for tracking individual infants' progress in acquiring early fundamental auditory and linguistic processing skills that provide the foundation for later speech and language development.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究项目的总体目标是开发基于行为的方法，为临床医生和研究人员提供新的工具，用于评估耳聋婴儿在人工耳蜗植入前和植入后定期进行的听觉感知处理技能。印第安纳州大学医学院建造了一个新的实验室，以实施两个行为程序，这两个程序已被发育科学家广泛用于研究听力正常婴儿的言语感知和语言发育。婴儿坐在电视监视器前的音响室里，电视监视器提供听觉和视觉刺激。在视觉习惯（VH）程序中，测量婴儿响应于不同类型的语音声音而注视视觉显示的持续时间。在偏好性注视范式（Preferential Looking Paradigm，PLP）中，婴儿首先被呈现两个新词语/新对象配对。曝光后，他们会看到视觉对象和一个新单词。测量他们对两个物体的注视时间，以确定他们是否对与新单词配对的视觉物体注视更长时间。在我们的初步研究中，这两种技术已被改编并用于测试20名耳聋婴儿植入前后。我们建议利用自愿退休计划和职业退休计划达致四个具体目标。在具体目标1中，我们将使用VH评估聋儿在植入前和植入后的选择性注意和言语辨别技能。在具体目标2中，我们将使用VH来评估失聪婴儿在使用CI几个月后对其母语的语言特异性音段和超音段特性的敏感性。在具体目标3中，我们将使用PLP来测量和评估使用CI几个月后聋儿的单词学习技能。最后，在具体目标4中，我们将评估婴儿在上述测试中的表现与他们在2至4岁时的言语和语言技能之间的关系，这将使用传统的临床结果测量方法进行测量。拟议的研究解决了关于早期人工耳蜗植入对失聪婴儿言语和语言发育的潜在益处的紧迫临床问题。这些新措施将为临床医生和研究人员提供工具，用于跟踪单个婴儿在获得早期基本听觉和语言处理技能方面的进展，这些技能为以后的言语和语言发展奠定了基础。