Neural Ensemble Codes in Drosophila Olfaction

果蝇嗅觉中的神经集成编码

• 批准号: 6561837
• 负责人: Gero Miesenboeck
• 金额: $ 39.63万
• 依托单位: SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-01-08 至 2007-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6561837
• 关键词: Drosophilidae; behavior test; biological signal transduction; chemoreceptors; gene expression; gene mutation; genetic mapping; green fluorescent proteins; interneurons; learning; memory; microscopy; neural information processing; neural plasticity; odors; olfactions; olfactory lobe; olfactory stimulus; sensory discrimination; sensory feedback; synaptic vesicles

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Novel experimental technologies were developed to monitor and manipulate, through light, genetically circumscribed populations of neurons in vivo. These technologies will be harnessed to study information processing in the olfactory system of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Cell-type specific promoters and enhancers will target genetically encoded optical sensors and effectors to neurons in four synaptically coupled processing layers: 1) To olfactory receptor neurons, which are located at the sensory surface and project axons to the antennal lobe, the analog of the vertebrate olfactory bulb; 2) to local inhibitory interneurons of the antennal lobe; 3) to projection neurons that relay olfactory information from the antennal lobe to the mushroom body, the analog of the vertebrate olfactory cortex; and 4) to Kenyon cells, the intrinsic neurons of the mushroom body. Odor-evoked neural activity patterns will be visualized by optical microscopy at each of these genetically highlighted processing stages, and the propagation of activity from processing stage to processing stage will be traced. With this innovative strategy at their core, three specific aims directed at the fundamental operational principles of a multi-layered neural network will be addressed: 1) The codes employed to represent odor information at each of the four olfactory processing stages, and the mapping rules that relate these codes, will be characterized. 2) The computational origin, physical form, and semantic content of neural symbols that express abstractions, classifications, and behavioral connotations will be elucidated in experiments that combine optical imaging with behavioral assays. The focus of these experiments will be on the neuronal substrate for attaching hedonic valence (i.e., attractiveness or repulsiveness) to odors, and on its modification by experience. 3) Mutations with defined neural or behavioral phenotypes, or artificial neural signals that will be inserted into genetically designated target neurons by selective photostimulation, will be used to perturb neuronal physiology; the impact of these perturbations at the systems level will be analyzed by optical imaging. This opens an opportunity to understand collective network properties in cellular or even molecular terms, and to transcend thereby some of the boundaries that currently divide neuroscience into molecular, cellular, and systems branches.

描述（由申请人提供）：开发了新型的实验技术，以通过体内神经元的遗传限制种群来监测和操纵。这些技术将被利用来研究果蝇果蝇果蝇嗅觉系统中的信息处理。细胞类型的特异性启动子和增强子将针对四个突触耦合加工层的神经元靶向遗传编码的光学传感器和效应子：1）与嗅觉受体神经元，这些神经元位于感觉表面和项目轴突上的嗅觉轴突和静脉叶，，尖齿含有脊椎动物的嗅觉少燃含有忽略少生的含有少生含有的含有荷属性的含有荷属性的少布尔布尔丝含量。 2）到触角叶的局部抑制性神经元； 3）转导嗅觉信息从触角叶到蘑菇体的投影神经元，脊椎动物嗅皮层的类似物； 4）到Kenyon细胞，蘑菇体的内在神经元。在这些遗传突出的处理阶段，光学显微镜将通过光学显微镜观察到气味诱发的神经活动模式，从处理阶段到加工阶段的活动的传播将被追踪。将以这种创新的策略为核心，将解决针对多层神经网络基本操作原理的三个具体目标：1）在四个嗅觉处理阶段中代表气味信息所采用的代码，以及与这些代码相关的映射规则中所采用的代码。 2）在将光学成像与行为分析相结合的实验中，将阐明表达抽象，分类和行为内涵的神经符号的计算起源，物理形式和语义内容。这些实验的重点将放在神经元基材上，用于将享乐价（即吸引力或排斥性）连接到气味上，并通过经验进行修饰。 3）具有定义的神经或行为表型的突变，或者通过选择性光刺激将插入遗传指定的靶神经元中的人造神经信号将用于扰动神经元生理；这些扰动在系统级别的影响将通过光学成像分析。这为以细胞甚至分子术语来理解集体网络特性的机会，从而超越了当前将神经科学分为分子，细胞和系统分支的一些边界。