'The quantification of changes in supraglacial conditions on the Greenland Ice Sheet and implications for surface drainage development'

联合主管：安德鲁·索尔博士（谢菲尔德大学地理系）和斯蒂芬·利文斯通博士（谢菲尔德大学地理系）在融化季节，由于表面融化，格陵兰冰盖（GrIS）的消融区形成了广泛的冰川上渠道和湖泊网络。这些排水元素很重要，因为它们有可能通过冰穴将大量的水输送到冰床，从而影响冰流速率。然而，这些排水元素演变的速度有多快，以及水通过GrIS并进入GrIS的效率在很大程度上是未知的，迄今为止，还没有足够高的时间和空间分辨率的研究来确定这一点。这一建议力求通过结合使用遥感和实地技术，首次探索和量化这种排水演变的性质。通过这种方式，我们将探索在融化季节及以后发生的地表变化。具体而言，该项目的目的是：收集卫星图像和航空摄影，探索流域发展演变的时空变化。利用卫星图像（MODIS）探索地表反照率和其他参数的变化，作为排水发展的潜在控制因素。使用延时图像（基于实地的方法）来探索地表条件和排水路径的演变，量化在融化季节过程中发生的变化。探讨相对排水稳定性或动力学背后的控制机制。其目的是将演变的冰川上排水的高分辨率记录联系起来，这将导致气象变量和冰动力学评估（通过与涉及所有主管的白玫瑰联盟的联系）。

Lead supervisor: Dr David Rippin Environment Department, University of YorkCo-supervisors: Dr Andrew Sole (Department of Geography, University of Sheffield) and Dr Stephen Livingstone (Department of Geography, University of Sheffield)During the melt-season, extensive networks of supraglacial channels and lakes develop in the ablation area of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) as a consequence of surface melting. These drainage elements are important since they have the potential to transmit large volumes of water to the ice bed via moulins where it can impact on ice flow rates. However, how quickly these drainage elements evolve, and thus the efficiency with which water can be transited across and into the GrIS, is largely unknown, as to date, there have been no studies of sufficiently high temporal and spatial resolution to determine this. This proposal seeks to be the first to explore and quantify the nature of such drainage evolution through the use of a combination of remote sensing and field-based techniques. In this way, we will explore changes at the surface that take place over the course of a melt season and beyond. In detail, the aims of this project are:To gather satellite images and airborne photography to explore the temporal and spatial variations in drainage development and evolution.To use satellite imagery (MODIS) to explore variations in surface albedo and other parameters as potential controls on drainage development.To use time-lapse imagery (field-based approaches) to explore evolution of surface conditions and drainage pathwaysTo quantify the changes that take place over the course of a melt season.To explore the controlling mechanisms behind relative drainage stability or dynamics.It is the intention to relate the high resolution record of evolving supraglacial drainage that will result to meteorological variables and an assessment of ice dynamics (via links with a White Rose Consortium that involves all of the supervisors)