Perceptual Experience and Spoken Word Recognition

这项研究的目的是发现感知 经验影响口语单词识别处理系统。本研究 利用语言经验的广泛个体差异， 以英语为第一语言的语前聋成年人， 听觉正常人与聋人的感知信息获取 成年人了项目一的目的是提供一个详细的了解 如何学习或使用单词的输入渠道之间的关系- 口语，拼写，手指拼写-以及如何处理单词。的 要检验的假设是，在个体差异方面， 沟通渠道中的词汇经验通过以下方式促进单词识别： 同一个频道。该假设将使用行为和 功能性神经解剖学（功能性磁共振成像，fMRI） 方法.行为方法将包括感知单词识别， 词汇决定，以及对单词学习方式的主观估计。的fMRI 任务将是唇读的话聋人成年人，分析将集中在 激活幅度和程度的个体差异。行为和 fMRI研究将用同样的方法扩展我们以前的研究， 学科群体。项目II的目的是了解感知的效果 来自语音贫乏（唇）刺激的单词。假设是 语音信息激活了经验派生的词形 与长期可用的知觉同构的表征 （语音）信息和非语言学派生的词形同构 语音上不同的单词。这一假设预测， 口头语言形式的表达主要基于 （聋人的唇语）或声音（听力正常的成年人听到）信号， 发展将在不同程度上，他们近似的 语音上不同的单词。行为方法将包括 语义启动和辨别。功能磁共振成像实验将研究大脑 激活作为词形相似性和音位结构的函数。两 项目将调查基本的科学问题， 影响例如，研究结果显示， 影响他们如何被感知将表明，临床医生和教育工作者， 聋儿需要注意聋儿的沟通渠道 学习语言。

The goal of the proposed research is to discover how perceptual experience affects the spoken word recognition processing system. This research capitalizes on wide individual differences in linguistic experience among prelingually deaf adults with English as a first language and on differences in access to perceptual information for normal-hearing versus the same deaf adults. The aim of Project I is to provide a detailed understanding of the relationship between how words are learned or used in terms of input channel - spoken, orthographic, finger spelled - and how words are processed. The hypothesis to be tested in terms of individual differences is that having more lexical experience in a communication channel facilitates word recognition via that same channel. The hypothesis will be investigated using behavioral and functional neuroanatomical (functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) methods. Behavioral methods will include perceptual word identification, lexical decision, and subjective estimates of how words were learned. The fMRI task will be lipreading words by deaf adults, and analyses will focus on individual differences in magnitude and extent of activation. Behavioral and fMRI studies will expand on our previous research with the same methods and subject groups. The aim of Project II is to understand effects of perceiving words from phonetically impoverished (lipread) stimuli. The hypothesis to be tested is that phonetic information activates experientially derived word-form representations that are isomorphic with the chronically available perceptual (phonetic) information and not linguistically derived word-forms isomorphic with the phonemically distinct words in the language. This hypothesis predicts that spoken word-form representations based primarily on either optical (lipread by deaf adults) or acoustic (heard by hearing adults) signals during development will differ in the extent to which they approximate the phonemically different words in the language. Behavioral methods will include semantic priming and discrimination. fMRI experiments will investigate brain activation as a function of word-form similarity and phonotactics. The two projects will investigate fundamental scientific issues with direct clinical implications. For example, findings showing that how words are experienced affects how they are perceived would suggest that clinicians and educators of deaf children need to pay attention to the channel by which deaf children acquire language.