Perceptual Experience and Spoken Word Recognition

这项拟议中的研究的目标是发现 经验影响口语识别处理系统。这项研究 利用个人在语言体验上的巨大差异 以英语为第一语言的语言前期聋人及其语言差异 获得正常听力的知觉信息--与相同聋人相比 成年人。项目I的目的是提供对以下内容的详细了解 词汇的学习或使用方式与输入渠道之间的关系-- 口语、拼写、手指拼写--以及单词的处理方式。这个 要根据个体差异检验的假设是，拥有更多 交流渠道中的词汇经验通过以下方式促进单词识别 就是那个频道。这一假说将使用行为学和 功能神经解剖学(功能磁共振成像，fMRI) 方法：研究方法。行为方法将包括感知单词识别， 词汇决定，以及对单词学习方式的主观估计。功能磁共振成像 任务将是聋人朗读单词，分析将集中在 激活程度和程度的个体差异。行为和 功能磁共振成像研究将在我们之前研究的基础上，使用相同的方法和 课题组。项目II的目的是了解感知的影响 从语音贫乏的刺激中产生的词。假设是 测试结果是，语音信息激活了经验式派生的词形 与长期可用的知觉同构的表征 (语音)信息与非语言派生的词形同构 与语言中在语音上截然不同的单词。这一假说预言 主要基于两种光学中的一种的口语词汇表示 (聋人嘴唇)或声音(听力正常的成年人听到)信号 开发在多大程度上与 这门语言中语音不同的词。行为方法将包括 语义启动和辨别。功能磁共振实验将研究大脑 激活是词形相似性和音韵学的函数。两个人 项目将通过直接临床研究基础科学问题 这意味着什么。例如，研究结果表明，词汇是如何被体验的 会影响人们对他们的看法，这表明临床医生和教育工作者 聋儿需要注意聋儿通过什么渠道 学习语言。

The goal of the proposed research is to discover how perceptual experience affects the spoken word recognition processing system. This research capitalizes on wide individual differences in linguistic experience among prelingually deaf adults with English as a first language and on differences in access to perceptual information for normal-hearing versus the same deaf adults. The aim of Project I is to provide a detailed understanding of the relationship between how words are learned or used in terms of input channel - spoken, orthographic, finger spelled - and how words are processed. The hypothesis to be tested in terms of individual differences is that having more lexical experience in a communication channel facilitates word recognition via that same channel. The hypothesis will be investigated using behavioral and functional neuroanatomical (functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) methods. Behavioral methods will include perceptual word identification, lexical decision, and subjective estimates of how words were learned. The fMRI task will be lipreading words by deaf adults, and analyses will focus on individual differences in magnitude and extent of activation. Behavioral and fMRI studies will expand on our previous research with the same methods and subject groups. The aim of Project II is to understand effects of perceiving words from phonetically impoverished (lipread) stimuli. The hypothesis to be tested is that phonetic information activates experientially derived word-form representations that are isomorphic with the chronically available perceptual (phonetic) information and not linguistically derived word-forms isomorphic with the phonemically distinct words in the language. This hypothesis predicts that spoken word-form representations based primarily on either optical (lipread by deaf adults) or acoustic (heard by hearing adults) signals during development will differ in the extent to which they approximate the phonemically different words in the language. Behavioral methods will include semantic priming and discrimination. fMRI experiments will investigate brain activation as a function of word-form similarity and phonotactics. The two projects will investigate fundamental scientific issues with direct clinical implications. For example, findings showing that how words are experienced affects how they are perceived would suggest that clinicians and educators of deaf children need to pay attention to the channel by which deaf children acquire language.