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Societal and political implications of emerging digital technologies and big data

新兴数字技术和大数据的社会和政治影响

基本信息

批准号：
2219016
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2219016
关键词：
Societal political implications emerging digital

项目摘要

Data-processing companies face unprecedented scrutiny these days, from both authorities and users. Following the Cambridge Analytica revelations, investigations by the UK data authority ICO identified "a disturbing disregard for voters' privacy" spread across the data industry. The House of Commons concluded that the current "situation is unlikely to change". Even risk-averse investors agree, with technology shares being continuously on the rise. The reason lies in the pervasive, ongoing, and apparently irreversible amalgamation of digital devices in our daily lives. Mobile applications secretly share personal information with third parties, whilst other "smart devices" are spreading. This necessitates rigorous scrutiny of current data practices and impartial checks and balances, which academia can provide.The PhD research will be conducted as part of the "Human-Centred Computing" group at the University of Oxford. This group seeks to understand the current challenges of the Digital Economy, so as to support human flourishing in the 21st century. More specifically, the group aims to inform and empower individuals with regards to their day-to-day use of technology. A prominent example of such is X-Ray, a software framework developed as part of the EPSRC-funded SOCIAM project. This software aims to uncover hidden data flows to companies all over the world. X-Ray analysed almost 1m Android apps, finding that roughly 90% of apps could send data to Google and 40% to Facebook. The X-Ray project will be the starting point of the PhD research, with potentially significant relevance for current society due to the ubiquity of apps.With the introduction of the EU Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the field of data protection has recently gained increased prominence and importance. The GDPR strengthens the rights of individuals as well as the powers of the regulating bodies. The data protection authorities (DPAs) of the EU member states can now impose penalties of up to 20m Euros or 4% of worldwide annual turnover (whichever is higher) for data protection infringements. Due to these new capabilities, data protection research can profoundly improve the lives of individuals.The PhD research will expand on the X-Ray project, to add automated legal compliance analysis, as well as create new tools in the realm of law and technology. The novelty of the research methodology lies in the combination of computer science, law, and policy-making, particularly through automated program analysis and machine learning analysis of GDPR violations.In alignment with the objectives of the research group and the EPSRC research theme Digital Economy, the PhD project seeks to raise awareness amongst individuals of the implications of large-scale data collection, and empower individuals to make more meaningful choices with regards to data collection. A further objective is informing policy-making regarding current and emerging digital technologies.This project falls within the EPSRC Digital Economy research area.

如今，数据处理公司面临着来自当局和用户的前所未有的审查。在 Cambridge Analytica 事件曝光后，英国数据权威机构 ICO 的调查发现，整个数据行业都存在“令人不安的对选民隐私的漠视”。下议院的结论是，目前的“情况不太可能改变”。即使是厌恶风险的投资者也同意这一点，科技股持续上涨。原因在于我们日常生活中数字设备的普遍、持续且明显不可逆转的融合。移动应用程序秘密地与第三方共享个人信息，而其他“智能设备”正在蔓延。这就需要对当前的数据实践进行严格审查以及公正的制衡，而学术界可以提供这些。博士研究将作为牛津大学“以人为中心的计算”小组的一部分进行。该小组致力于了解数字经济当前的挑战，以支持 21 世纪人类的繁荣。更具体地说，该组织的目标是为个人提供有关日常使用技术的信息并赋予其权力。其中一个突出的例子是 X-Ray，这是一个作为 EPSRC 资助的 SOCIAM 项目的一部分开发的软件框架。该软件旨在揭示流向世界各地公司的隐藏数据流。 X-Ray 分析了近 100 万个 Android 应用程序，发现大约 90% 的应用程序可以向 Google 发送数据，40% 可以向 Facebook 发送数据。 X-Ray 项目将成为博士研究的起点，由于应用程序的普遍存在，该项目对当前社会具有潜在的重要意义。随着欧盟数据保护条例 (GDPR) 的推出，数据保护领域最近变得越来越突出和重要。 GDPR 加强了个人权利以及监管机构的权力。欧盟成员国的数据保护机构 (DPA) 现可对数据保护侵权行为处以最高 2000 万欧元或全球年营业额 4% 的处罚（以较高者为准）。由于这些新功能，数据保护研究可以深刻改善个人的生活。博士研究将扩展 X-Ray 项目，添加自动化法律合规性分析，并在法律和技术领域创建新工具。研究方法的新颖性在于将计算机科学、法律和政策制定相结合，特别是通过自动化程序分析和对GDPR违规行为的机器学习分析。根据研究小组的目标和EPSRC研究主题数字经济，该博士项目旨在提高个人对大规模数据收集影响的认识，并使个人能够在数据收集方面做出更有意义的选择。进一步的目标是为有关当前和新兴数字技术的政策制定提供信息。该项目属于 EPSRC 数字经济研究领域。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

A Fait Accompli? An Empirical Study into the Absence of Consent to Third-Party Tracking in Android Apps

DOI：
发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
ArXiv
影响因子：
0
作者：
Konrad Kollnig;Reuben Binns;Pierre Dewitte;M. V. Kleek;Ge Wang;Daniel Omeiza;Helena Webb;N. Shadbolt
通讯作者：
Konrad Kollnig;Reuben Binns;Pierre Dewitte;M. V. Kleek;Ge Wang;Daniel Omeiza;Helena Webb;N. Shadbolt

Goodbye Tracking? Impact of iOS App Tracking Transparency and Privacy Labels

DOI：
10.1145/3531146.3533116
发表时间：
2022-04
期刊：
Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency
影响因子：
0
作者：
Konrad Kollnig;A. Shuba;M. V. Kleek;Reuben Binns;N. Shadbolt
通讯作者：
Konrad Kollnig;A. Shuba;M. V. Kleek;Reuben Binns;N. Shadbolt

Ready for the EU Digital Services Act? How Decisions by Apple and by Google Impede App Privacy

准备好迎接欧盟数字服务法案了吗？