The Role of Migration and Absentee Ownership in Pastoral Territorialisation in Tunisia

移民和缺席所有权在突尼斯牧区领土化中的作用

• 批准号: 2259234
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Sussex
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2259234
• 关键词: Role; Migration; Absentee; Ownership; Pastoral

This research aims to understand the ways in which livestock is a means to accumulate capital in neoliberal contexts where social mobility is already constrained, but where various forms of absentee livestock ownership operate; beyond bounded conceptions of "communities" and "capital".Tunisia's revolution in 2011, began with protests in the rural, marginal, phosphate mining areas of the south. These regions coincide with important pastoral zones, where 87% of Tunisia's rangelands are located, and where 70% of households hold small ruminant flocks for their subsistence. Following the revolution, Tunisia's southern dryland pastoral areas are experiencing high levels of out-migration from rural areas, with remittances used to overcome local constraints to social mobility and the depreciating Tunisian dinar. Furthermore, since 2011, livestock and land investors, particularly from coastal regions, are seizing opportunities as decentralization and the new government are reconfiguring power relations in rural areas, again affecting trajectories of accumulation. Although migration and speculative investments, as features of an agrarian transition, are not a new phenomenon in Tunisia, to date, these transformations within a post-revolution agrarian transition have only been partly explored in agricultural settings while little research has sought to understand these transformations in pastoral settings.This research asks: How do different forms of absentee livestock and land ownership, following the 2011 revolution in Tunisia, influence patterns of social differentiation within pastoral communities?Both migrants and outside investors, may be considered as 'absentees' in academic or policy-oriented discourses where, typically - but not always - a defining feature is of managing livestock or land through an intermediary or through other forms of contractual relationships. Broadly, this research seeks to unpack the notion of 'absenteeism' by focusing on migrants and outside investors, and their relations with areas of pastoral production in southern Tunisia. Although absentees may not be physically present, or not-resident, in the area where the livestock or land investment is being made, they are still very much involved in shaping resource distribution and rural livelihoods. Far from being 'absent', absentees may be vital players in fast-changing pastoral economies, resulting in new land and labour relations, livestock and rangeland management, and new sources of capital and investment; particularly given the deepening complexity of patterns of social differentiation in multilocal spaces.

这项研究旨在了解牲畜是一种手段，以积累资本的新自由主义背景下，社会流动性已经受到限制，但在各种形式的缺席牲畜所有权运作;超越有限的概念“社区”和“资本”.突尼斯的革命在2011年，开始在农村，边缘，南部的磷酸盐矿区的抗议活动。这些地区与重要的牧区重合，突尼斯87%的牧场位于这些地区，70%的家庭拥有小型反刍动物群以维持生计。革命后，突尼斯南部干旱牧区出现了大量农村人口外流，汇款被用来克服当地对社会流动性的限制和突尼斯第纳尔的贬值。此外，自2011年以来，畜牧业和土地投资者，特别是来自沿海地区的投资者，正在抓住机会，因为权力下放和新政府正在重新配置农村地区的权力关系，这再次影响了积累的轨迹。虽然移民和投机性投资，作为农业转型的特征，在突尼斯并不是一个新现象，但迄今为止，革命后农业转型中的这些转变在农业环境中只得到了部分探讨，而很少有研究试图了解畜牧业环境中的这些转变。2011年突尼斯革命后，不同形式的缺席牲畜和土地所有权如何影响牧区社区内的社会分化模式？移民和外部投资者都可能被视为学术或政策性话语中的“缺席者”，通常-但并不总是-一个明确的特征是通过中介或通过其他形式的合同关系管理牲畜或土地。从广义上讲，这项研究旨在解开的概念，“缺勤”的重点是移民和外部投资者，以及他们的关系，在突尼斯南部的畜牧生产领域。虽然不在的人可能不在进行牲畜或土地投资的地区，或不是当地居民，但他们仍然在很大程度上参与了资源分配和农村生计的形成。缺席者远非“缺席”，而是可能成为快速变化的畜牧经济中的重要角色，从而产生新的土地和劳动关系、牲畜和牧场管理以及新的资本和投资来源;特别是考虑到多地方空间中社会分化模式的日益复杂性。