PRODUCTION AND PERCEPTION OF PHONOLOGICAL SEQUENCES

语音序列的产生和感知

• 批准号: 6668158
• 负责人: CYNTHIA L FISHER
• 金额: $ 19.51万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-01 至 2006-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6668158
• 关键词: age difference; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; computational neuroscience; experience; form /pattern perception; human subject; learning; neural information processing; phonology; psycholinguistics; sequential perception; sound perception; speech

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project studies the production and perception of phonological sequences. Our guiding assumption is that the phonological processing system is constantly changing. It adapts to recent experience, while continuing to reflect the accumulated experience of a lifetime of speaking and listening. The proposed research seeks to understand the adaptability of the phonological processing system, with an emphasis on the malleability of the system's use of general phonological patterns, such as phonotactic constraints. It is well known that speech errors or "slips of the tongue" exhibit the phonotactic regularity effect: Errors rarely create combinations of sounds that are illegal in the language being spoken. For example, an English speaker might mispronounce "nun" as "nung", but not "ngung" because that violates the constraint of English that "ng" can never begin a syllable. We created a laboratory analog to this effect and used it to demonstrate learning. Experimental subjects recited strings of syllables in which consonants were artificially restricted to particular positions in syllables; for example, /f/ always occurred as a syllable onset. As subjects experienced these syllables, their slips became strongly sensitive to the distributions of the consonants. For example, nearly every misplacement of /f/ obeyed the rule that /f/ is an onset for this experiment. These data suggest that subjects implicitly learned the sound distributions, and this learning affected their productions. We demonstrated the same effect in perception. Subjects listened to syllables with consonant-position restrictions; in a later speeded repetition task, new syllables that were consistent with the phonotactics of the experiment were repeated more rapidly than syllables that were inconsistent. The proposed research uses these techniques to investigate learning mechanisms in the phonological processing system. The studies manipulate the phonological patterns to be acquired and make direct comparisons between production and perception and between learning by adults and infants. These experiments are informed by psychological theories of learning and linguistic theories of representation, and the obtained data will be used to constrain development of computational models of implicit learning in the phonological processing system. The research will yield a new understanding of how the processing system responds to experience, which ultimately will contribute to the treatment of language disorders and to language pedagogy.

描述(申请者提供)：这个项目研究语音序列的产生和感知。我们的指导假设是，语音处理系统是不断变化的。它适应了最近的经验，同时继续反映了一生说和听的积累经验。这项研究试图了解语音加工系统的适应性，重点是系统使用一般语音模式的可塑性，例如音位定向限制。众所周知，语音错误或“口误”表现出音位规律性效应：错误很少产生在所说的语言中非法的声音组合。例如，说英语的人可能会把“nun”发错为“nung”，而不是“ngung”，因为这违反了英语中“ng”永远不能以音节开头的限制。我们创建了一个类似于这种效果的实验室，并用它来演示学习。实验对象背诵的音节串中，辅音被人为地限制在音节中的特定位置；例如，/f/总是作为音节的开头出现。当受试者经历这些音节时，他们的口误对辅音的分布变得非常敏感。例如，几乎每一个/f/的错位都遵循这样一个规则，即/f/是这个实验的起点。这些数据表明，受试者内隐地学习了声音的分布，这种学习影响了他们的产出。我们在感知上表现出了同样的效果。受试者听有辅音位置限制的音节；在后来的加速重复任务中，与实验中的音素一致的新音节比不一致的音节重复得更快。这项研究使用这些技术来研究语音加工系统中的学习机制。这些研究操纵要获得的语音模式，并在生产和感知之间以及成人和婴儿的学习之间进行直接比较。这些实验受到学习心理学理论和语言学表征理论的启发，所获得的数据将被用来约束语音加工系统中内隐学习计算模型的发展。这项研究将对加工系统对经验的反应产生新的理解，最终将有助于语言障碍的治疗和语言教育学。