Transmissibility of Influenza A Viruses

甲型流感病毒的传播性

• 批准号: 6616537
• 负责人: DANIEL R PEREZ
• 金额: $ 9.9万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-15 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6616537
• 关键词: chickens; communicable disease control; communicable disease transmission; ducks; gene expression; host organism interaction; influenzavirus A; polymerase chain reaction; quail; site directed mutagenesis; tissue /cell culture; virus genetics; virus infection mechanism; virus protein; virus replication

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objective of this proposal is to generate knowledge that may be used to prepare for or prevent pandemic influenza. The interspecies transmission of influenza viruses is a key element in the generation of a pandemic influenza strain. Although little is known about the molecular steps required to create a potential human pandemic strain, intermediate hosts are considered necessary. Aquatic birds are the natural reservoir of influenza A viruses, but the influenza A viruses isolated from humans in Hong Kong (H5N1 in 1997 and H9N2 in1999) contained genes that had circulated and adapted in land-based birds, particularly quail, which are widely farmed in Southern China. Epidemiological evidence and our preliminary results strongly suggest that quail could play a unique role among land-based birds in the emergence of novel influenza A viruses that can cross the species barrier. The proposed research will use molecular, classical virologic, and reverse genetics methods to define 1) the role of land-based birds, particularly quail, as intermediate hosts in interspecies transmission and spread of influenza A viruses; and 2) the molecular basis of the transmissibility of influenza A viruses in land-based avian intermediate hosts. With poultry production increasing worldwide (more than 200% since the 1960's), the mechanisms underlying interspecies transmission of influenza viruses must be elucidated if the emergence of a pandemic influenza strain is to be forestalled or adequately prepared for. The techniques needed to obtain this information are now available, and the results will lay the groundwork for important changes in agricultural policies and pandemic planning.

描述（由申请方提供）：本提案的长期目标是生成可用于准备或预防大流行性流感的知识。流感病毒的种间传播是产生大流行性流感毒株的关键因素。尽管对产生潜在的人类大流行毒株所需的分子步骤知之甚少，但认为中间宿主是必要的。水禽是甲型流感病毒的天然宿主，但在香港从人类身上分离出的甲型流感病毒（1997年的H5 N1和1999年的H9 N2）所含的基因已在陆地鸟类（特别是在华南地区广泛养殖的鹌鹑）中传播和适应。流行病学证据和我们的初步结果强烈表明，鹌鹑可能在陆地鸟类中发挥独特的作用，出现了可以跨越物种障碍的新型甲型流感病毒。 拟议的研究将使用分子、经典病毒学和反向遗传学方法来定义1）陆地鸟类，特别是鹌鹑，作为甲型流感病毒种间传播和传播的中间宿主的作用;和2）甲型流感病毒在陆地鸟类中间宿主中传播性的分子基础。 随着全球家禽产量的增加（自20世纪60年代以来超过200%），如果要预防大流行性流感毒株的出现或做好充分准备，必须阐明流感病毒种间传播的潜在机制。获得这些信息所需的技术现在已经具备，其结果将为农业政策和流行病规划的重要变化奠定基础。