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Investigating evolutionary relationships in passerine birds using a total-evidence approach

使用全证据方法研究雀形目鸟类的进化关系

基本信息

批准号：
2262522
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2262522
关键词：
Investigating evolutionary relationships passerine birds

项目摘要

Passeriformes (passerines) comprise over 6,000 living species of birds-over half of extant avian diversity. However, their comparative morphology is poorly illustrated and understood, limiting the extent to which the fossil record can confidently be brought to bear on understanding the antiquity of the group, and the evolutionary patterns that have resulted in such an extraordinary degree of extant biodiversity. This project will characterise key anatomical features across the living diversity of passerines, insights from which will be used to confidently diagnose putative passerine fossils from around the world and more definitively evaluate the antiquity and phylogenetic relationships of this extraordinary avian clade.Passerines are by far the most diverse extant avian Order, yet their comparative morphology and fossil record are poorly understood. Large-scale phylogenetic studies of passerines are only now being conducted (Oliveros et al. in review), providing a critical intellectual framework for characterising anatomical variation across the group, and identifying shared derived features diagnosing major subclades. To fill this knowledge gap, this project will generate three-dimensional anatomical atlases for major passerine subclades.Alone, passerines comprise over 6,000 species-more than all ~42 other extant avian orders combined. The student will CT scan passerine specimens from across the living diversity of the group, primarily from the Cambridge Museum of Zoology. 'Digital dissection' techniques will be applied in the Field lab using computing resources and software that are already in place in order to characterise morphological variation across the group, and identify anatomical synapomorphies of major passerine subclades. These insights will be applied to the understudied passerine fossil record, in order to generate phylogenetically and stratigraphically vetted minimum age calibrations for passerines to be applied in molecular divergence time analyses.

雀形目（雀形目）包括6,000多种鸟类，占现存鸟类多样性的一半以上。然而，它们的比较形态学很少得到说明和理解，限制了化石记录可以自信地用于理解该群体的古老性的程度，以及导致这种非凡程度的现存生物多样性的进化模式。该项目将对雀形目鸟类的主要解剖特征进行分析，并将其用于对世界各地的雀形目鸟类化石进行诊断，并更明确地评估这一非凡鸟类分支的古老性和系统发育关系。雀形目是迄今为止现存最多样化的鸟类目，但它们的比较形态和化石记录却知之甚少。雀形目的大规模系统发育研究现在才开始进行（Oliveros等。在审查），提供了一个关键的知识框架，为整个组的解剖变异的特点，并确定共同的衍生功能诊断主要亚支。为了填补这一知识空白，该项目将生成雀形目主要分支的三维解剖地图集。仅雀形目就包括6,000多个物种，比所有其他42个现存鸟类的总和还要多。学生将对雀形目动物标本进行CT扫描，这些标本主要来自剑桥动物学博物馆。“数字解剖”技术将应用于现场实验室，使用已经到位的计算资源和软件，以确定整个组的形态变化，并确定主要雀形目亚支的解剖学突触。这些见解将被应用到研究不足的雀形目化石记录，以产生遗传学和地层学审查的最小年龄校准雀形目分子分歧时间分析中应用。