Reducing Public Persuasion by and Contribution to Fake News: Developing a socio-cognitive model and intervention for persuasion by misinformation

减少假新闻对公众的说服和贡献：开发社会认知模型和干预措施以通过错误信息进行说服

• 批准号: 2268674
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2268674
• 关键词: Reducing; Public; Persuasion; Contribution; Fake

The overarching objective of this research project is to develop an extended inoculation intervention. This intervention will add training in social context and social biases to provide not only an intervention strategy for conferring resistance against persuasion, but also to decrease propensity to redistribute misinformation. This inoculation strategy treatment should: 1) Increase ability to identify misinformation in a social context 2) Decrease likelihood of belief change and 3) Decrease propensity to share misinformation. To successfully develop this intervention, a conceptual socio-cognitive model of persuasion by misinformation will be tested and revised to better understand the interaction between cognition and social influence in a misinformation setting. 10/19-03/20: Exploring the relation between cognition and behaviour related to misinformation The first phase of the research will be exploratory in nature and will investigate the relationship between judgements, beliefs and behaviour surrounding misinformation. The purpose of this phase is to uncover whether or not ability to recognise deception is linked to characterising information contained in deceptive messages as false, and furthermore, whether this discourages individuals from sharing such messages. 03/20-03/21: Experimental study on the influence of consensus on detection of misinformation The second phase of the research will investigate the effects of social consensus on ability to detect misinformation using a within-participant design with consensus as the independent variable and detection of misinformation as the dependent variable. Previous research has investigated this using a pre-post design, but to test these effects in a social setting, in which level of social consensus changes depending on the message, a behavioural trial-based study will be developed using Javascript (specifically jsPsych) and run on psiTurk. 03/ 21- 12/21: Testing extrinsic and intrinsic social cues on propensity to share misinformation The third phase of the research will examine the potential effects of consensus (extrinsic social cue) and need to belong (intrinsic social cue) on likelihood of sharing misinformation. This experiment will use a mixed methods design adapted from Clarkson et al (2013). Participants (N=200) will be recruited on the online platform Prolific Academic and randomly assigned to a social identification condition (identification need: belonging or uniqueness) or a control (no identification manipulation). Participants identification needs will be manipulated following the method by Clarkson et al (2013) using a fictitious personality test. Subsequently participants will be asked to rate their likelihood of sharing a number of real and fictitious news items paired with a consensus manipulation. Here, a fictitious database of 2000+ previous responses in the database will be visible, such that there is either a) High consensus in sharing b) Medium consensus in sharing c) Low consensus in sharing or d) Not enough information available. Finally, participants will complete a survey based on previous research on uses and gratifications theory applied to social media (e.g. Ku, Chu & Tseng, 2013; Whiting & Williams; 2013) to assess social gratification needs.12/21-08/22: Revision of socio-cognitive model of misinformation and development of social inoculation intervention The findings obtained in the above studies will guide the final phase of this research project. Here, the proposed model will be revisited based on findings from above studies. The updated model will be used to develop a revised inoculation method which will incorporate training to overcome social effects in the persuasion by misinformation process. This inoculation method will integrate social perspectives and will aim to reduce both reliability judgements, belief change and sharing of misinformation.

本研究项目的总体目标是开发一种扩展的接种干预措施。这种干预将增加社会背景和社会偏见方面的培训，不仅提供一种干预策略，使人们对说服产生抵制，而且减少重新传播错误信息的倾向。这种接种策略治疗应该：1）提高在社会背景下识别错误信息的能力2）降低信念改变的可能性3）降低分享错误信息的倾向。为了成功地开发这种干预，将测试和修订一个概念性的社会认知模型，通过错误信息的说服，以更好地了解认知和社会影响之间的相互作用，在错误信息设置。10/19-03/20：探索与错误信息相关的认知和行为之间的关系研究的第一阶段将是探索性的，并将调查判断，信念和行为之间的关系周围的错误信息。这一阶段的目的是揭示识别欺骗的能力是否与将欺骗性信息中包含的信息描述为虚假有关，以及这是否会阻止个人分享此类信息。03/20-03/21：共识对错误信息发现的影响的实验研究研究第二阶段的研究将使用参与者内设计，以共识为自变量，错误信息的发现为因变量，调查社会共识对错误信息发现能力的影响。以前的研究已经使用前-后设计对此进行了研究，但是为了在社会环境中测试这些影响，其中社会共识的水平取决于信息的变化，将使用JavaScript（特别是jsPsych）开发基于行为试验的研究并在psiTurk上运行。03/ 21- 12/21：测试外在和内在社会线索对分享错误信息倾向的影响研究的第三阶段将研究共识（外在社会线索）和归属需要（内在社会线索）对分享错误信息可能性的潜在影响。本实验将使用改编自克拉克森等人（2013）的混合方法设计。参与者（N=200）将在多产学术在线平台上招募，并随机分配到社会识别条件（识别需求：归属或独特性）或对照组（无识别操作）。将按照克拉克森等人（2013年）的方法，使用虚拟人格测试对受试者的识别需求进行操作。随后，参与者将被要求对他们分享一些真实的和虚构的新闻项目的可能性进行评级，这些新闻项目与共识操纵配对。这里，数据库中2000+个先前响应的虚构数据库将是可见的，使得存在a）共享中的高一致性B）共享中的中等一致性c）共享中的低一致性或d）没有足够的可用信息。最后，参与者将完成一项调查，该调查基于先前关于应用于社交媒体的使用和满足理论的研究（例如，Ku，Chu & Tseng，2013; Whiting &威廉姆斯; 2013）评估社会满足需求。12/21-08/22：修订社会-错误信息的认知模型和社会接种干预的发展上述研究的结果将指导这个研究项目。在这里，将根据上述研究的结果重新审视所提出的模型。更新后的模型将被用来开发一个修订的接种方法，将纳入培训，以克服社会影响的说服错误信息的过程。这种接种方法将整合社会观点，旨在减少可靠性判断、信念改变和错误信息的分享。