Genetics and molecular basis of insect resistance in forest trees

林木抗虫性的遗传学和分子基础

• 批准号: 2270315
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2270315
• 关键词: Genetics; molecular; basis; insect; resistance

Background. Insect pests pose a rapidly growing threat to the sustainability of forest systems as a result of climate change and globalisation of commerce. The project will investigate how co-evolved resistance between forest trees and a damaging weevil may influence interactions when the trees are introduced to a new region with different weevils. The research will study tree populations introduced to Britain from North-America and compare resistance against two weevils: (i) the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis), which is native to the UK and Europe and, (ii) the white pine weevil (Pissoides strobi), native to the Pacific North-West of North-America. The expected results will inform the potential and the strategy for developing weevil resistance breeding in forest crops in the UK.Aims. The project will develop an understanding of defences against H. abietis by investigating molecular responses and the genetic basis of naturally occurring variability in the Sitka spruce population. It will also build on the body of knowledge on genetics resistance against the white pine weevil, which has identified weevil resistance biomarkers. Forest trees present moderate to high levels of genetic diversity within and among populations and considerable variation for resistance against the white pine weevil has been reported in Sitka spruce but the British population has not been studied.Training opportunity and skills. This project combines innovative research and short-term impact on a practical problem of environmental and economic sustainability. The training involves regular interactions with a commercial seed production company. The student candidate will work with the project team to define the research approach and methodology. The project is funded for four years and lab rotations are not required so that the student may focus on their project throughout. The proposed objectives afford diverse training opportunities. 1. Damage levels and molecular responses will be investigated in young trees following exposure to weevil attack by analysing the influence of the genetic background on weevil damage levels, by RNA-Sequencing and monitoring of known resistance biomarkers. 2. A genome-wide association study may be used to investigate the molecular basis of genetic variability in weevil resistance. 3. Comparative evaluation of damage levels of different strains of trees under field conditions that are representative of industrial forestry conditions (industry placement). 4. Engagement with research end-users and stakeholders.Locations of the organisations. The project will be based in the laboratory of Professor John MacKay in the Department of Plant Sciences (University of Oxford) whose research interests include biological responses and genetic diversity in conifer trees, and has expertise in genome wide association studies and RNA-Sequencing for gene and response discovery. The project will benefit from expertise of the non-academic supervisor Dr Roger Moore at Forest Research (Edinburgh) who will provide guidance on weevil feeding experiments. Industry placement will be with Forestart Inc. (Herefordshire).

背景由于气候变化和商业全球化，虫害对森林系统的可持续性构成了日益严重的威胁。该项目将研究当树木被引入一个有不同象鼻虫的新地区时，树木和象鼻虫之间的共同进化抗性如何影响相互作用。该研究将研究从北美引入英国的树木种群，并比较对两种象鼻虫的抗性：（i）大松树象鼻虫（Hylobius abietis），原产于英国和欧洲，（ii）白松象鼻虫（Pissoides strobi），原产于北美西北太平洋。预期结果将为英国林业作物抗象鼻虫育种的潜力和策略提供信息。该项目将发展对H的防御的理解。通过调查分子反应和自然发生的变异性的遗传基础，在锡特卡云杉种群的冷杉。它还将建立在对白松象鼻虫的遗传抗性的知识基础上，这些知识已经确定了象鼻虫抗性生物标志物。林木目前中度到高度的遗传多样性的群体内和群体之间和相当大的变化，对白松象鼻虫的阻力已在锡特卡云杉，但英国人口尚未研究。该项目结合了创新研究和对环境和经济可持续性实际问题的短期影响。培训涉及与商业种子生产公司的定期互动。学生候选人将与项目团队合作，以确定研究方法和方法。该项目资助四年，不需要实验室轮换，以便学生可以专注于他们的项目。拟议的目标提供了各种培训机会。1.损害水平和分子反应将在幼树暴露于象鼻虫攻击后进行调查，通过分析遗传背景对象鼻虫损害水平的影响，通过RNA测序和监测已知的抗性生物标志物。2.全基因组关联研究可用于研究象甲抗性遗传变异的分子基础。3.在代表工业化林业条件（工业布局）的实地条件下，对不同树种的损害程度进行比较评估。4.与研究最终用户和利益相关者的接触。该项目将以牛津大学植物科学系John MacKay教授的实验室为基础，他的研究兴趣包括针叶树的生物反应和遗传多样性，并在基因组广泛关联研究和基因和反应发现的RNA测序方面具有专业知识。该项目将受益于森林研究（爱丁堡）的非学术主管罗杰摩尔博士的专业知识，他将提供象鼻虫喂养实验的指导。行业安置将与Forestart公司。（赫里福德郡）。