Investigating the role of mindfulness and implementation intentions in mitigating unintended negative consequences of information and communication Te

信息和通信技术（ict）已成为我们日常工作生活中无处不在的一部分。它们的好处，包括前所未有的连通性和生产力，都是众所周知的。然而，同样的技术为组织和个人提供了如此多的机会，也带来了“黑暗面”，包括一系列意想不到的负面后果（D’arcy et al. 2014）。Pirkkalainen和Salo（2016）已经确定了四种“黑暗面”现象：技术压力、信息超载、IT“成瘾”和IT焦虑。这些现象有可能使个人与工作场所信息通信技术的关系成为一种有毒的关系，可能对个人福祉和组织成果产生破坏性后果（例如Maier et al. 2017,Agogo & Hess 2018）。本博士将研究这些“黑暗面”现象如何在个人工作中显现，并探索正念和实施意图作为缓解机制的潜力。尽管在学术文献中没有普遍认可的正念概念，但大多数定义都认为注意力和意识是正念的核心（Ioannou, papazafiropoulou &Spanaki 2018）。也许最著名和广泛使用的定义之一是正念的先驱Jon Kabat-Zinn (1994, p.4)：“正念意味着以一种特定的方式集中注意力：有目的地，在当下，不加评判。”正念最常被证明和引用的好处是减轻个人的压力（Ioannou, papazafiropoulou & Spanaki2018）。虽然也有有限的研究表明它可以帮助个人减轻技术使用的意外负面后果（例如Miller & Brannon 2017， Wolf, Pintner & beck 2011），但目前这一领域似乎尚未得到充分探索。值得注意的是，Chatzisarantis和Hagger（2007）发现，正念可以促进将意图转化为行动，与实施意图的方法平行。实施意图是将环境线索与特定反应联系起来的“如果-然后”计划，加强意图与行为之间极其薄弱的联系，从而促进目标的实现（Gollwitzerand Sheeran 2006）。正念和实施意图之间的关系还有待探索，这两者可能以类似的方式运作，或者可能相互作用以提高整体有效性。例如，正念意识可能有助于实现意图工作的机制，例如创建和加强内隐联想；实施意图可以专门发展，以支持在特定情况下保持正念的意图。从日记法开始，以目前在职的个人为样本，博士将探讨以下预测：正念水平较高的个人不太可能经历与工作相关的信息通信技术使用带来的意外负面后果。发展正念可以支持个人在与工作相关的信息通信技术使用方面的应对能力和自我调节，从而有助于减轻意想不到的负面后果。正念和实施意图可以协同工作，帮助使用信息通信技术工作的个人减轻任何意想不到的负面后果。拟议的研究旨在促进对与工作相关的信息通信技术使用的意外后果、正念和实施意图的运作方式以及它们作为缓解机制的潜力的学术理解。实际上，研究结果将为行为干预提供模板，以减少与工作相关的信息通信技术使用的负面影响。它还将为组织如何支持减少技术压力、信息超载、It“成瘾”和员工的It焦虑提供指导。

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have become a pervasive part of our day-to-dayworking lives. Their benefits, including unprecedented levels of connectedness and productivity, arewell understood. However, the same technology that is providing organizations and individuals withso much opportunity also comes with a 'dark side' that includes a body of unintended negativeconsequences (D'Arcy et al. 2014). Pirkkalainen & Salo (2016) have identified four 'dark side'phenomena: technostress, information overload, IT 'addiction' and IT anxiety. These phenomenathreaten to make individuals' relationship with workplace ICTs a toxic one that can have damagingconsequences both for individual well-being and organisational outcomes (e.g. Maier et al. 2017,Agogo & Hess 2018). This PhD will examine how these 'dark side' phenomena manifest for workingindividuals and explore the potential of mindfulness and implementation intentions as mitigationmechanisms.Although there is no universally agreed conceptualisation of mindfulness in the academic literature,most definitions agree that attention and awareness are at its heart (Ioannou, Papazafeiropoulou &Spanaki 2018). Perhaps one of the best known and widely used definitions is that of mindfulnesspioneer Jon Kabat-Zinn (1994, p.4): "Mindfulness means paying attention in a particular way: onpurpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgementally.". The most frequently evidenced and citedbenefit of mindfulness is stress reduction in individuals (Ioannou, Papazafeiropoulou & Spanaki2018). While there is also limited research suggesting that it may help individuals mitigate theunintended negative consequences of technology use (e.g. Miller & Brannon 2017, Wolf, Pintner &Beck 2011), this area appears to be under-explored at present.Notably, Chatzisarantis and Hagger (2007) found that mindfulness can facilitate the translation ofintentions into actions, paralleling the approach of implementation intentions. Implementationintentions are if-then plans that link environmental cues with specific responses, strengthening thenormally weak link between intention and behaviour, thereby facilitating goal attainment (Gollwitzerand Sheeran 2006). The relationship between mindfulness and implementation intentions has yet to beexplored and it is possible that the two may operate in a similar way or may interact to increaseoverall effectiveness. For instance, mindful awareness may aid mechanisms by which implementationintentions work, such as creating and strengthening implicit associations; and implementationintentions could be developed specifically to support intentions to be mindful in particularcircumstances.Commencing with a diary methodology with a sample of individuals currently in the workplace, thePhD will explore the predictions that:1. Individuals who are higher in mindfulness are less likely to experience the unintendednegative consequences of work-related use of ICTs.2. Developing mindfulness can support individuals' coping ability and self-regulation in relationto work-related use of ICTs, thereby helping mitigate unintended negative consequences.3. Mindfulness and implementation intentions can work synergistically to help individuals usingICT for work to mitigate any unintended negative consequences.The proposed research aims to advance academic understanding of the unintended consequences ofwork-related ICT use, the ways in which mindfulness and implementation intentions operate, andtheir potential as mitigation mechanisms. Practically, the research findings will produce a template forbehaviour interventions to reduce negative impacts of work-related ICT use. It will also provideguidelines on how organisations can support the reduction of technostress, information overload, IT'addiction' and IT anxiety among workers.