Poverty & Welfare Reform: A Study of Children & Mothers
贫困
基本信息
- 批准号:6557424
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 8.23万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2003
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2003-04-01 至 2005-03-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:behavioral /social science research tag clinical research data collection methodology /evaluation family structure /dynamics health care policy health related legal human data human population study longitudinal human study low socioeconomic status parents public assistance public health quality of life racial /ethnic difference single person social class social service socioeconomics statistics /biometry women's health
项目摘要
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Poverty especially deep poverty among children can have both immediate and lasting negative consequences. Children in poor families are worse off in terms of health and education, and are more likely to become teen parents. The United States has seen child poverty rates fall from record highs in the early 1990s to record lows in 2000, and many political leaders point to this decline as evidence that the 1996 federal welfare reform legislation has been a success. While poverty rates have dropped, recent "research shows that there is a group of mothers and children at the bottom of the income distribution who are worse off as a result of welfare reform" (Blank and Haskins 2001). Falling poverty rates coupled with this deterioration in economic well-being for those at the bottom of the income distribution suggest that not all groups have benefited from welfare reform and the strong economy and that more than the poverty rate is needed to understand poverty. Using longitudinal data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), and the Urban Institute's Welfare Rules Database, this project will provide a picture of the poverty status of children and their families over the last two and a half decades and evaluate the relationship between welfare policies and poverty. To provide a picture of changes in poverty over the last 25 years, this study will examine four distinct poverty measures: (1) poverty rate, (2) deep poverty rate, (3) average income of the poor, and (4) distribution of income among the poor. The latter three take account of the degree of poverty, thereby filling in the incomplete poverty picture provided by the poverty rate alone. To evaluate the relationship between welfare policies and poverty, the multivariate framework estimates the effect of specific welfare policies on poverty and deep poverty. This relationship is estimated for both children and their mothers, by race and ethnicity. Identifying the effect of welfare reform on poverty requires disentangling the effect of state and federal welfare policies from other factors that affect poverty, such as other social policies, economic conditions, and demographic shifts in the population. This is accomplished in part by the unique design of our study population: a constant population of ever single mothers who are both comparable in the pre- and post-welfare reform periods and vulnerable to welfare receipt and poverty. In addition, the econometrics specification includes many individual- and state-level variables, as well as state, time, and individual-level fixed effects. A natural extension of this study is to carry out similar analyses using a broader measure of income--an experimental poverty measure.
描述(由申请人提供):贫困,特别是儿童的深度贫困,可能会产生直接和持久的负面影响。贫困家庭的孩子在健康和教育方面更差,更有可能成为青少年父母。美国的儿童贫困率从1990年代初的历史最高点下降到2000年的历史最低点,许多政治领导人指出这种下降证明1996年的联邦福利改革立法是成功的。虽然贫困率有所下降,但最近的“研究表明,由于福利改革,处于收入分配最底层的一群母亲和儿童的境况更糟”(Blank和Haskins,2001年)。贫穷率下降,加上收入分配底层的人经济福利恶化,表明并非所有群体都受益于福利改革和强劲的经济,要了解贫穷,需要的不仅仅是贫穷率。本项目利用收入和项目参与调查(SIPP)、收入动态跟踪研究(PSID)和城市研究所福利规则数据库的纵向数据,对过去25年来儿童及其家庭的贫困状况进行描述,并对福利政策与贫困之间的关系进行评估。为了说明过去25年来贫困状况的变化,本研究将审查四种不同的贫困衡量标准:(1)贫困率,(2)深度贫困率,(3)贫困者的平均收入,(4)贫困者的收入分配。后三项指标考虑到了贫困程度,从而填补了仅由贫困率提供的不完整的贫困状况。为了评估福利政策与贫困之间的关系,多元框架估计了具体福利政策对贫困和深度贫困的影响。根据种族和族裔对儿童及其母亲的这种关系进行了估计。要确定福利改革对贫困的影响,就需要将州和联邦福利政策的影响与影响贫困的其他因素(如其他社会政策、经济状况和人口结构的变化)分开。这在一定程度上是通过我们研究人群的独特设计实现的:在福利改革前后时期都具有可比性并且容易受到福利和贫困影响的单身母亲的恒定人群。此外,计量经济学规范包括许多个人和国家层面的变量,以及国家,时间和个人层面的固定效应。这项研究的一个自然延伸是使用更广泛的收入衡量标准-一种实验性的贫困衡量标准-进行类似的分析。
项目成果
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