Cooking with Gas: Can Anaerobic Digestion Reduce the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Manures and Slurries?

用气体烹饪：厌氧消化可以减少粪便和泥浆中抗菌素耐药性的发生率吗？

• 批准号: 2274921
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2274921
• 关键词: Cooking; Gas; Anaerobic; Digestion; Reduce

Cattle dung is usually stored in slurry tanks or lagoons until spread onto fields as a fertiliser. Within the slurry are millions of bacteria and residual antibiotics excreted by treated cows. This organic 'soup' is the ideal setting for horizontal gene transfer between bacteria, resulting in possible proliferation of antibiotic resistance. When slurry is spread onto soil, antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistant bacteria may enter the agroecosystem and possibly the food chain. Many farmers use their cattle slurry to produce bioenergy (methane) via anaerobic digestion prior to adding it to the soil. We have already shown that methane production and microbial diversity are altered by antibiotic residues present within anaerobic digesters. Alterations in microbial diversity are likely to drive changes in antibiotic resistance genes. Little is known about the effect of anaerobic digestion on antibiotic resistant bacteria, although recent work (elsewhere) suggests that anaerobic digestion of swine waste lowers presence of resistance genes. We hypothesise that anaerobic digestion will reduce antibiotic resistance, but the degree will depend on the absence of drivers of resistance within the digester. The aim of this project is to determine if anaerobic digestion reduces the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes within cattle slurry. Laboratory-scale anaerobic digestion trials will be carried out and the slurry tested for antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes before and after digestion. Laboratory digestions will allow for changes in the process (such as retention time, temperature and stressors) to be readily made. We will also sample 'real' on-farm digesters. The data obtained from classical and molecular microbiological techniques will be used to fit a mathematical model to infer rates of change with their uncertainty to inform slurry management options and reduce inputs of antibiotic resistant bacteria and/or genes into areas of food production.

牛粪通常储存在泥浆罐或泻湖中，直到作为肥料撒到田地上。在泥浆中有数百万的细菌和残留的抗生素由治疗过的奶牛排出。这种有机“汤”是细菌之间水平基因转移的理想环境，可能导致抗生素耐药性的扩散。当泥浆散布到土壤中时，抗生素残留物和抗生素耐药性细菌可能进入农业生态系统，并可能进入食物链。许多农民在将其添加到土壤中之前，通过厌氧消化使用他们的牛泥浆生产生物能源（甲烷）。我们已经表明，甲烷的产生和微生物多样性被厌氧消化器中存在的抗生素残留物所改变。微生物多样性的改变可能会推动抗生素耐药基因的变化。关于厌氧消化对抗生素耐药菌的影响知之甚少，尽管最近的工作（其他地方）表明，厌氧消化猪废物降低了耐药基因的存在。我们假设厌氧消化将减少抗生素耐药性，但程度将取决于消化器内是否存在耐药性驱动因素。该项目的目的是确定厌氧消化是否减少了牛泥浆中抗生素耐药细菌和抗生素耐药基因的数量。将进行大规模厌氧消化试验，并在消化前后对泥浆进行抗生素耐药性细菌和耐药基因测试。实验室数字化将允许在过程中的变化（如保留时间，温度和应力），以方便作出。我们还将采样“真实的”农场消化器。从经典和分子微生物学技术中获得的数据将用于拟合数学模型，以推断变化率及其不确定性，从而为泥浆管理方案提供信息，并减少抗生素耐药细菌和/或基因进入食品生产领域。