Methodologies and simulation tools to support Operations and Maintenance (O&M) strategies and lifetime reliability assessment of Offshore Renewable En

支持运营和维护的方法和模拟工具（O

• 批准号: 2275010
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2275010
• 关键词: Methodologies; simulation; tools; support; Operations

Over the last few decades, global offshore wind technology has rapidly evolved from fixed-bottomsupport structures in shallow waters (below 60 meters) to floating substructures, as water depthincreases (expected up to 1,000 meters). Turbine designs have grown from small power capacity of0.45 megawatts (MW) in 1991, up to today's giant Siemens Gamesa-14MW turbine that will becommercially available in 2024. These advances in offshore renewable technology will continue todecrease its costs, while also contributing to meeting the growing demand of energy.In June 2019, in line with the Paris Agreement, the UK's Climate Change Act 2008 set out the roadmapto net-zero carbon emissions target by 2050. At the end of 2019, the UK's offshore wind electricityproduction reached 32TWh, which accounted for 10% of its total mix energy production. Furthermore,with around 40 offshore wind farms and over 2,200 turbines operating for a total installed capacity of9.7 gigawatts (GW), and 4.4GW under construction or with a final investment decision confirmed [1],the UK is the world leader in the offshore wind sector. Globally, there are over 27GW installed in thefixed-bottom technology and 82MW with floating offshore wind turbines.Offshore renewable technologies will play a key role in the world's future energy transition. In the nextten years, there are development plans and market opportunities for offshore wind projects in Europe,Asia-Pacific and the US. However, offshore wind energy deployment is still facing big challenges, suchas installation logistics, large component replacement strategy, and operations and maintenance (O&M)costs, all of them having a significant impact on the levelised cost of energy (LCoE). For instance,overall O&M costs make up 34% and 31.3% of the total LCoE for offshore fixed-bottom and floatingwind technologies, respectively [2]. Moreover, the operational expenditure (OpEx) of an offshore windfarm is variable throughout its lifetime. Technical and geographical factors affect the OpEx, such as thedistance from the wind farm to the onshore facilities, the metocean conditions, and the unexpectedfailures of critical components, among others.Therefore, there is a high interest in increasing accuracy and reducing uncertainty in OpEx estimatesfor both development projects and existing assets. For instance, there are collaborative works betweenacademia, research institutions, industry, and governmental entities to develop advanced technologicalsolutions and tools to drive the reduction of O&M costs and to improve the reliability and efficiency ofORE systems. Such is the case of ROMEO [3] and DTOcean Plus [4] projects.In fact, there are several analytic models and tools to calculate the installation and O&M costs as wellas to estimate the annual availability of ORE projects over the designed lifetime [5][6]. However, furtherresearch is required to improve those O&M models to move from basic preventive to condition-basedmaintenance (CBM), as discussed below.

在过去的几十年里，随着水深的增加（预计可达1000米），全球海上风电技术已经从浅水区（60米以下）的固定底部支撑结构迅速发展为浮动子结构。涡轮机的设计已经从1991年的0.45兆瓦（MW）的小功率发展到今天的西门子gamera - 14mw涡轮机，该涡轮机将于2024年投入商用。海上可再生能源技术的这些进步将继续降低其成本，同时也有助于满足日益增长的能源需求。2019年6月，根据《巴黎协定》，英国《2008年气候变化法案》制定了到2050年实现净零碳排放目标的路线图。截至2019年底，英国海上风电产量达到32TWh，占其混合能源总产量的10%。此外，英国拥有约40个海上风电场和2200多台涡轮机，总装机容量为9.7千兆瓦（GW）， 4.4千兆瓦正在建设或最终投资决定已确定，是海上风电领域的世界领导者。在全球范围内，固定底部技术安装了超过27GW，浮动海上风力涡轮机安装了82MW。海上可再生能源技术将在世界未来的能源转型中发挥关键作用。未来几年，欧洲、亚太和美国的海上风电项目将有发展计划和市场机会。然而，海上风能的部署仍然面临着巨大的挑战，例如安装物流、大型组件更换策略、运营和维护（O&M）成本，所有这些都对能源平降成本（LCoE）产生重大影响。例如，海上固定底式和浮动式风电技术的总体运维成本分别占总成本的34%和31.3%。此外，海上风电场的运营支出（OpEx）在其整个生命周期中是可变的。技术和地理因素会影响运营成本，例如风电场到陆上设施的距离、海洋环境、关键部件的意外故障等。因此，在开发项目和现有资产的运营成本估算中，提高准确性和减少不确定性是非常重要的。例如，学术界、研究机构、工业界和政府机构之间开展合作，开发先进的技术解决方案和工具，以降低运维成本，提高fore系统的可靠性和效率。ROMEO[3]和dtoocean Plus[4]项目就是这样的情况。事实上，有几种分析模型和工具可以计算安装和运维成本，以及估计ORE项目在设计生命周期内的年可用性。然而，需要进一步的研究来改进这些运维模型，从基本预防转向基于状态的维护（CBM），如下所述。