Regional Integration and Democratization: the EU and ASEAN Compared
区域一体化与民主化:欧盟与东盟的比较
基本信息
- 批准号:2275991
- 负责人:
- 金额:--
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Studentship
- 财政年份:2019
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2019 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Regional integration is the process of state co-operation within a specific geographic region for material gains, often via supranational or intergovernmental institutions. Regional integration has been linked to democratization within member states and modelled primarily as a promoter of democratization. This is based off the European Union's (EU) success in promoting and stabilising democracy during their southern and eastern Enlargements; the EU's democracy promotion across acceding states helped institute democracy in many post-authoritarian states. This links democratization to the process of Europeanization, which describes how the EU's policy and politics affect the policy and politics of current and would-be member states. In particular, the EU has had an impact on democratization via enlargement conditionality; the demands of the EU on candidate countries during the southern and eastern enlargements are seen as the determining factor. International commitments to democracy are not unique to the EU, the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) has evolved to include commitments to democracy and the condemnation of any regression into the authoritarianism that plagued the majority of their history. Furthermore, some ASEAN states, particularly Indonesia and the Philippines, have embraced democracy promotion as a primary foreign policy aim, giving additional credence to the ASEAN's new democratic mantras. However, both entities have been criticised recently for the weakness of their democracy promotion. The EU is experiencing a democratic crisis as some member states, such as Hungary and Poland, have seemingly fallen back towards authoritarianism. Additionally, the EU's impact may have been aesthetic because many states have not progressed or improved on their democratic practices since accession; the ability of the EU to 'lock-in' democracy appears weak. The EU's European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), which draws on conditionality to promote EU values, like democracy, in neighbouring states has a had limited effect in many states like Ukraine and Bosnia-Herzegovina, suggesting the EU's role as a democracy promoter may have been overestimated. Similarly, in the ASEAN it is worried the democratic members have been too weak in promoting democracy to their authoritarian neighbours, particularly Myanmar and Cambodia who have been heavily criticised internationally for human rights abuses. The ASEAN democracies also have internal problems with the stability of democracy as witnessed in Thailand's 2014 coup and the recent rise of nationalism in Indonesia. This research aims to compare the effects of the EU and ASEAN on their respective ability to promote and embed democracy amongst member states. Specifically, this piece is interested in questioning the positive association between regional integration and democratization, which has become more important as the results in both the EU and ASEAN show that their democracy promotion efforts have been flawed. This will also help understand the explanatory factors with either region's successes and explain the variance in democratic standards between states within each region. By examining the differences in the EU's and ASEAN's strategies and effectiveness in promoting and embedding democracy, this research will expose the effects of regional integration on democratization and why there are specific problems across both regions. This will bring clarity to the effect of regional integration on the domestic polity of states, highlighting how many states have rejected international democracy promotion and why regional integration projects struggle to stabilise the results of democratization.
区域一体化是国家在特定地理区域内为物质利益而合作的过程,通常通过超国家或政府间机构进行。区域一体化一直与成员国内部的民主化联系在一起,并主要被视为民主化的推动者。这是基于欧盟在南部和东部扩大期间成功地促进和稳定民主;欧盟在加入国之间的民主促进有助于许多后独裁国家建立民主。这将民主化与欧洲化的过程联系起来,欧洲化描述了欧盟的政策和政治如何影响当前和未来成员国的政策和政治。特别是,欧盟通过扩大条件对民主化产生了影响;欧盟在南部和东部扩大期间对候选国的要求被视为决定性因素。对民主的国际承诺并非欧盟所独有,东南亚国家联盟(东盟)已发展到包括对民主的承诺和谴责任何倒退到独裁主义的行为,这种独裁主义在其历史的大部分时间里都是祸害。此外,一些东盟国家,特别是印度尼西亚和菲律宾,已经将促进民主作为主要外交政策目标,这使东盟新的民主口号更加可信。然而,这两个实体最近都因其促进民主的弱点而受到批评。欧盟正在经历一场民主危机,因为一些成员国,如匈牙利和波兰,似乎已经倒退到威权主义。此外,欧盟的影响可能是美学上的,因为许多国家自加入以来没有在民主实践上取得进展或改善;欧盟“锁定”民主的能力似乎很弱。欧盟的欧洲邻国政策(ENP)利用条件来促进欧盟价值观,如民主,在邻国对乌克兰和波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那等许多国家的影响有限,这表明欧盟作为民主促进者的作用可能被高估了。同样,在东盟,它担心民主成员国在向独裁邻国推广民主方面过于软弱,特别是缅甸和柬埔寨,这两个国家因侵犯人权而受到国际社会的严厉批评。东盟民主国家也存在民主稳定性的内部问题,泰国2014年政变和印度尼西亚最近民族主义的兴起就是明证。本研究旨在比较欧盟和东盟各自促进和嵌入成员国之间的民主的能力的影响。具体而言,这篇文章有兴趣质疑区域一体化和民主化之间的积极联系,这一点变得更加重要,因为欧盟和东盟的结果表明,他们的民主促进努力存在缺陷。这也将有助于理解任何一个地区成功的解释因素,并解释每个地区国家之间民主标准的差异。通过研究欧盟和东盟在促进和嵌入民主方面的战略和有效性的差异,本研究将揭示区域一体化对民主化的影响,以及为什么两个地区都存在具体问题。这将清楚地表明区域一体化对各国国内政体的影响,突出显示有多少国家拒绝国际民主促进,以及为什么区域一体化项目难以稳定民主化的结果。
项目成果
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其他文献
吉治仁志 他: "トランスジェニックマウスによるTIMP-1の線維化促進機序"最新医学. 55. 1781-1787 (2000)
Hitoshi Yoshiji 等:“转基因小鼠中 TIMP-1 的促纤维化机制”现代医学 55. 1781-1787 (2000)。
- DOI:
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- 影响因子:0
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LiDAR Implementations for Autonomous Vehicle Applications
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2021 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
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吉治仁志 他: "イラスト医学&サイエンスシリーズ血管の分子医学"羊土社(渋谷正史編). 125 (2000)
Hitoshi Yoshiji 等人:“血管医学与科学系列分子医学图解”Yodosha(涉谷正志编辑)125(2000)。
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Effect of manidipine hydrochloride,a calcium antagonist,on isoproterenol-induced left ventricular hypertrophy: "Yoshiyama,M.,Takeuchi,K.,Kim,S.,Hanatani,A.,Omura,T.,Toda,I.,Akioka,K.,Teragaki,M.,Iwao,H.and Yoshikawa,J." Jpn Circ J. 62(1). 47-52 (1998)
钙拮抗剂盐酸马尼地平对异丙肾上腺素引起的左心室肥厚的影响:“Yoshiyama,M.,Takeuchi,K.,Kim,S.,Hanatani,A.,Omura,T.,Toda,I.,Akioka,
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