Purple White and Green: The Material Construction of Women's Suffrage 1832-1928

“佩戴这种颜色是一种责任和特权。永远不要在没有徽章的情况下露面”(妇女社会与政治联盟，1908-12)。本博士将研究选举权运动的物质历史，并通过以下方式为妇女政治史研究带来新的维度：1)物体如何帮助支持选举权运动和构建集体身份；2)选举权活动家挪用的物质文化类型，以及这如何反映他们的社会地位/角色。上下文-妇女选举权得到广泛研究，关于19世纪末20世纪初的选举权运动：特别是班克赫斯特及其支持者的政治活动，人们发表了很多言论。然而，对于广泛的选举权物质文化的探索却很少。这一博士学位将通过研究1)选举权对象作为激进主义表达在回忆录、个人证词、警方报告、报纸和其他昙花一现中的重要性；2)活动家如何利用消费文化来宣传这一事业；3)活动家如何创造身份，并以个人装饰和家庭领域等可接触的形式推销他们的政治议程，以回应这一需求。虽然时尚在女性选举权中的应用已经得到了很好的研究(Crawford，2013；Hels 2009)，但这个博士学位将通过综合文本和基于对象的研究来做出原创性的贡献，研究“妇女投票权”和其他运动(例如陶器、珠宝、明信片、标语牌、纽扣、横幅，甚至妇女参政权主义棋盘游戏)所使用的更广泛的物质文化。精心构建的身份和激进的商品传播是创新的，利用当代消费主义创建了一个可识别的品牌，为运动带来了凝聚力，并传播了竞选信息的意识。对物品的激进使用的研究将突出物质文化如何使被剥夺公民权的人参与政治，特别是涉及性别和阶级。方法：这项研究的主要数据将从英国主要的选举权收藏中收集：伦敦博物馆(974件藏品)，曼彻斯特人民历史博物馆(30件藏品)，议会档案馆(20件藏品；86份警察报告；20份请愿书；400多封相关信件)，伦敦政治经济学院妇女图书馆(146件选举权个人藏品)，格拉斯哥妇女图书馆(20多件藏品)，利兹博物馆和画廊(200多件藏品)。我得到了这些档案馆的许可，可以查阅这项研究所需的材料。使用这些来源，这一博士学位的主要成果之一将是全英国第一个选举权收集的综合目录，这将成为我随后分析的基础：1.研究关键文物是如何/在哪里制造的，以及活动人士如何/在哪里部署它们。对象将被分类成组和子组，例如：星历：小册子、明信片；标牌：标语牌、横幅等2.寻找文本、录音和照片中对象的表示，并将它们与对对象本身的研究相结合。例如，利兹博物馆有属于女权主义者莱昂诺拉·科恩的文物，而伦敦政治经济学院妇女图书馆有她讨论她参与竞选活动的8个多小时的音频。到目前为止，这些来源仅用于传记研究，将它们结合在一起将使人们对所涉及的物质文化有新的见解。3.将从收藏品中挑选关键文物，形成文物传记的主题，其中将包括更多关于生产、使用和所有权的细节，以及展示其持久意义的收藏。影响--从考古学的角度来看，这位博士将提供关于激进使用物质文化如何帮助妇女实现投票权的原始信息。这项研究的传播将丰富博物馆的叙事，在1928年整个百年纪念日之前增加选举权文物的意义，并提供重新开始兴趣的机会

'Wear the colours as a duty and a privilege. Never be seen without your badge' (Women's Social & Political Union, 1908-12). This PhD will investigate the material history of the suffrage movement and bring a new dimension to research on women's political history by addressing: 1) How objects helped to support suffrage campaigns and construct collective identities; 2)The types of material culture appropriated by suffrage campaigners, and how this reflected their social status/roles.Context - Women's enfranchisement is widely researched and much has been said on the suffrage movement of the late 19th/early 20th century: particularly the political activities of the Pankhursts and their supporters. However, little has been done to explore the extensive material culture of suffrage. This PhD will respond to this need by examining 1) the importance of suffrage objects as expressions of radicalism in memoirs, personal testimonies, police reports, newspapers and other ephemera; 2) how campaigners used consumer culture to promote The Cause; 3) how campaigners created identities and marketed their political agenda in accessible forms such as personal adornment and the domestic sphere. While the use of fashion in women's suffrage is well studied (Crawford, 2013; Hels 2009) this PhD will make an original contribution through an integrated textual and object-based examination of the wider range of material culture used by 'Votes For Women' and other campaigns (e.g. crockery, jewellery, postcards, placards, buttons, banners, and even suffragette board games). The careful construction of identities, and radical dissemination of merchandise were innovative, drawing on contemporary consumerism to create a recognisable brand that brought cohesion to the movement and spread awareness of the campaign message. Research into the radical use of objects will highlight how material culture enabled the disenfranchised to become politically involved, with particular reference to gender and class. Methods - The primary data for this study will be collected from the main UK suffrage collections: Museum of London (974 objects), Manchester People's History Museum (30 objects), Parliament Archives (20 objects; 86 police reports; 20 petitions; 400+ related correspondence), LSE Women's Library (146 suffrage collections of individuals), Glasgow Women's Library (20+ objects), Leeds Museums & Galleries (200+ objects). I have permission from these archives to access the materials required for this study. Using these sources, one of the key outcomes of this PhD will be the first integrated catalogue of suffrage collections across the UK, this will form the basis for my subsequent analysis:1.Examine how/where key artefacts were made and how/where they were deployed by activists. Objects will be categorised into groups and subgroups e.g; Ephemera: pamphlets, postcards; Signage: placards, banners,' etc2.Look for representations of objects in text, audio recordings and photographs and integrate them with study of the objects themselves. E.g. Leeds Museum has artefacts belonging to suffragette Leonora Cohen, while LSE women's library have 8+ hrs audio of her discussing her involvement in the campaigns. So far these sources have been utilised for biographical study only, bringing them together here will give new insights on the material culture involved3.Key artefacts will be selected from the collections to form the subject of artefact biographies which will incorporate more detail on production, use and ownership, as well as curation to demonstrate their enduring significanceImpact - From an archaeological perspective, this PhD will contribute original information on how radical use of material culture helped women to achieve voting rights. Dissemination of this research will enrich museum narratives, increase the significance of suffrage artefacts before the full centenary in 1928, and offer opportunities for renewed intere