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Novel tools for quantifying and managing sediment and nutrient loss from agricultural land

用于量化和管理农田沉积物和养分损失的新工具

基本信息

批准号：
2280708
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
Queen's University Belfast
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2280708
关键词：
Novel tools quantifying managing sediment

项目摘要

This research project has arisen in relation to the EU's legislation of the Water Framework Directive established due to the global issue of soil erosion and nutrient loss threatening the water quality through pollution and eutrophication. The WFD involves achieving targets of all waterbodies possessing 'good ecological status' by 2027, alongside determining which variables constrain or maintain this. These variables are often site-specific, relating to geomorphology, climate and land-use. In Northern Ireland over half of all waterbodies fail to achieve the 'good' ecological status. Research has indicated that sources of diffuse agricultural pollution, typically from phosphorus and nitrates applied through chemical fertilisers and slurry, are the main source of waterbody nutrient enrichment and eutrophication. Northern Ireland has issues regarding excessive post-war application of fertilisers, coinciding with agricultural intensification, leading to excessive legacy levels of nitrogen and phosphorus present in soils. Recent research on catchment management has shown that observational techniques are either too site-specific or coarse to appreciate the variables contributing to waterway degradation. There is a requirement to develop catchment-based studies to understand the scale, frequency and magnitude of sedimentutrient loss. This project aims to develop a multi-method approach to evaluate and monitor nutrient and sediment loss from agricultural land. The objectives of this study include;1. Undertaking fieldwork to investigate the sources and losses of sediments and nutrients, alongside collecting water samples to investigate water quality with analysis on phytobenthic, macroinvertebrate and plant communities.2. Using remote-sensed data from satellites and drone equipment in the construction of digital elevation models for usage in modelling simulations to understand mechanisms of sediment and nutrient losses. This data will also be used to model conservation methods to derive a set of recommendations to improve water quality. 3. Apply multispectral imagery and fieldwork-based evidence to quantify, map and assess nutrient and sediment loss zones across the studied catchments. 4. Run catchment-scale soil erosion models to simulate runoff and soil loss changes under present-day climate, future climate change, land use and management scenarios in order to design appropriate mitigation strategies. Northern Ireland fieldwork focuses upon three catchment sites of the Blackwater, Upper Bann and Colebrooke.Year One: Investigating the sources and losses of sediment and nutrients in catchments. Quantifying pathways and movement, assessing levels of damage to both land and water bodies. Usage of fieldwork (alongside remote sensing e.g. drones and LiDAR data) and laboratory analysis techniques to establish parameters of losses and water quality status.Year Two: Management strategies instigated at sites to deal with issues of sediment/nutrient loss and water pollution. Field visits to Scotland concerning catchments where management techniques have been introduced and a showing wider context of water pollution and sediment/nutrient loss beyond Northern Ireland.Year Three: Monitoring improvements on catchments following the implementation of management strategies, repetition of original fieldwork/laboratory analysis to establish if benefits to water quality and a reduction in sediment/nutrient losses. The techniques and observational skills/approach developed in this project will be applicable across many catchment areas and is not purely specific to Northern Ireland in its theoretical framework and as such the project may drive new areas of research. The project recommendations in terms of water quality improvement and sediment loss mitigation could be applied to the study catchments to drive current directives and indicate new preferential management techniques to achieve the WFD target by 2027.

该研究项目是在欧盟关于水框架指令的立法中提出的，该指令是由于全球性的土壤侵蚀和营养流失问题通过污染和富营养化威胁水质而建立的。WFD涉及到到2027年实现所有水体拥有“良好生态状态”的目标，同时确定哪些变量限制或维持这一目标。这些变量往往因地而异，与地貌、气候和土地使用有关。在北方爱尔兰，超过一半的水体未能达到“良好”的生态状态。研究表明，农业扩散污染的来源，特别是通过化肥和泥浆施用的磷和硝酸盐，是水体营养物富集和富营养化的主要来源。北方爱尔兰存在战后过度施用化肥的问题，与农业集约化同时发生，导致土壤中存在过量的氮和磷残留水平。最近关于集水管理的研究表明，观测技术要么过于针对具体地点，要么过于粗糙，无法了解造成水道退化的变量。有必要开展基于流域的研究，以了解沉积物损失的规模、频率和程度。该项目旨在开发一种多方法方法来评估和监测农业用地的养分和沉积物流失。本研究的目的包括：1。进行实地调查，以调查沉积物和营养物质的来源和损失，同时收集水样，调查水质，分析植物底栖动物，大型无脊椎动物和植物群落。利用来自卫星和无人驾驶飞机设备的遥感数据建立数字高程模型，用于模拟建模，以了解沉积物和养分流失的机制。这些数据还将用于模拟保护方法，以得出一套改善水质的建议。3.应用多光谱图像和基于实地调查的证据，对所研究的集水区的营养物和沉积物流失区进行量化、绘图和评估。4.运行流域尺度的土壤侵蚀模型，模拟当前气候、未来气候变化、土地利用和管理情景下的径流和土壤流失变化，以设计适当的缓解战略。北方爱尔兰实地考察的重点是三个集水点的黑水，上班恩和科尔布鲁克。第一年：调查的来源和损失的沉积物和养分集水。量化路径和移动，评估对土地和水体的损害程度。利用实地调查（与遥感技术，如无人机和激光雷达数据一起）和实验室分析技术来确定损失和水质状况的参数。第二年：在现场实施管理战略，以处理沉积物/营养物损失和水污染问题。实地考察苏格兰流域管理技术已被引入和显示更广泛的背景下的水污染和沉积物/养分流失超越北方爱尔兰。第三年：监测改善集水以下的管理战略的实施，重复原来的实地工作/实验室分析，以确定是否有利于水质和减少沉积物/养分流失。本项目中开发的技术和观察技能/方法将适用于许多集水区，而不是纯粹针对北方爱尔兰的理论框架，因此该项目可能会推动新的研究领域。在水质改善和泥沙流失减缓方面的项目建议可应用于研究集水区，以推动当前的指令，并指出新的优先管理技术，以实现到2027年的WFD目标。