The Chad Pipeline Project: Local Ecologies and Health

乍得管道项目：当地生态与健康

• 批准号: 6951789
• 负责人: Lori Leonard
• 金额: $ 15.64万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-01 至 2005-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6951789
• 关键词: Africa; African; agriculture; agriculture worker; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; employment /unemployment; environmental health; environmental protection; food resource; health disparity; health surveys; human ecology; human subject; industry; international cooperation; international health /scientific organization; longitudinal human study; malnutrition; petroleum oil; public health; rural area; socioeconomics; water pollution; water sampling /testing

The proposed study examines the impact of the Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Development and Pipeline Project on household economies, production activities, decision-making, and health in Chad. The Pipeline Project is a joint undertaking of the governments of Chad and Cameroon, the World Bank, and a consortium of oil companies headed by ExxonMobil. At a cost of $3.7 billion, it is the largest construction project on the African continent. The Project has drawn considerable attention, not only for its size, but also because of the terms and conditions of engagement agreed upon by the three principal actors in regard to health, the environment, and assistance to local communities. The World Bank, as a condition of its participation in the Pipeline Project, stipulated that the government of Chad earmark approximately 70% of its revenues from the Project for investments in health, education, and rural and infrastructure development. Further, the consortium was required to conduct an environmental impact assessment and to prepare an environmental management plan that includes provisions for social and economic programming to mitigate the effects of the Project on local population. Many previous investigations of the impact of large-scale infrastructure projects on local communties have been narrowly conceived, focusing on a particular sector or aspect of change; have privileged the use of aggregate data or summary indicators; and have been retrospective in character. This two-year study will lay the groundwork for a longitudinal, panel study of the impact of the development of the Pipeline Project on households. That research will be carried out by prospectively following at least 120 households from localities that differ in terms of their proximity to the Pipeline Project; their productive base; their access to health care services; and their integration into a cash economy. Households will be followed through the construction phase (anticipated to reach completion by 2004) and into the exploitation and revenue-generating phase of the Project. The research involves the collection of survey data, narratives on therapeutic regimens, anthropometric data, and water quality testing. The study also brings together a multi-disciplinary research team from medicine, public health, political science, economics, environmental sciences, and nutrition, from Chad, other parts of Africa, and the United States. Capacity-building is an integral part of the proposed work.

拟议的研究审查乍得-喀麦隆石油开发和管道项目对乍得家庭经济、生产活动、决策和健康的影响。该管道项目是乍得和喀麦隆政府、世界银行和以埃克森美孚为首的石油公司财团的联合项目。该项目耗资37亿美元，是非洲大陆最大的建筑项目。该项目引起了相当大的关注，不仅是因为其规模，而且还因为三个主要行为者在卫生、环境和援助当地社区方面商定的参与条款和条件。世界银行作为参与管道项目的一个条件，规定乍得政府将项目收入的70%用于卫生、教育、农村和基础设施发展。此外，要求该集团进行环境影响评估，并编制一份环境管理计划，其中包括社会和经济方案的规定，以减轻该项目对当地居民的影响。以往许多关于大型基础设施项目对地方社区影响的调查都是狭义的，侧重于某一特定部门或变化的某一方面;优先使用综合数据或简要指标;而且具有追溯性。这项为期两年的研究将为管道项目的发展对家庭的影响的纵向小组研究奠定基础。这项研究将通过前瞻性地跟踪至少120个家庭来进行，这些家庭来自不同的地区，这些地区在离管道项目的距离、生产基础、获得保健服务的机会以及融入现金经济方面各不相同。 在项目的施工阶段（预计到2004年完成）和开发和创收阶段，将对住户进行跟踪。该研究涉及调查数据的收集，治疗方案的叙述，人体测量数据和水质测试。该研究还汇集了来自乍得，非洲其他地区和美国的医学，公共卫生，政治学，经济学，环境科学和营养学的多学科研究团队。能力建设是拟议工作的一个组成部分。