Competing Hierarchies and Civic Identity: The Papacy and the Church of Milan, c.1000-1250

竞争的等级制度和公民身份：罗马教皇和米兰教会，c.1000-1250

• 批准号: 2285655
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2285655
• 关键词: Competing; Hierarchies; Civic; Identity; Papacy

The proposed research will investigate the political and ecclesiastical relationship between the papacy and the Church of Milan, the chief competitor to Rome in the western Church, and a crucial diocese over which the Investiture Contest was fought. Analysing regionalism versus universalism, it will deepen our knowledge of conflicting identities at both the micro and the macro level, and through the assessment of competing hierarchies within an institutional body it will enhance how we interpret models of power within institutions on a broader scale.The aims are:1)Using Milan as a case study, to offer a revisionary approach which will change the way we understand competing hierarchies within the Latin Christian Church at a time of radical institutional transformation.2)To understand how, given the 'failure' of the Italian kings in the tenth century, and as imperial authority receded in favour of more localised power structures, the papal claim of universal authority was received in Milan.3)To reconcile how civic patriotism developed in Milan, through the prism of its Church, alongside allegiance to Rome.Milan is an ideal candidate for a case study on institutional hierarchies within the Latin Church as it was a prestigious, geographically close, and potentially threatening rival of Rome. Milan's economic power exceeded that of the papacy, it had a strong identity and rich ecclesiastical history; the archbishopric held its own primatial claims and even had its own liturgy - both at odds with the assertions of the revived papacy born in the eleventh century, which it contested elsewhere. The papacy stridently asserted universal authority over Latin Christendom, even warring with those who challenged it. Concessions made to Milan contrast this and beg the question of how much political expediency was involved in the genesis of the papal monarchy.There is great scope for a new, extended analysis of the papal-Milanese relationship, as Milanese allegiances, of both the Church and commonality, meandered from Holy Roman Empire to papacy - I intend to discover why this was, and how secure the eventual papal loyalty was - how it affected and was affected by social and civic identity. Ambrosian traditions were cherished, spurring resistance to papal reform - where did this strong identity sit in the archbishopric's place in the Latin Church hierarchy? In this period of dramatic change in power structures, attention has predominantly been focused on clashes between regnum (kingdom) and sacerdotium (priesthood). A study of inter-institutional dynamics is desperately needed in order to accurately frame more notorious conflicts without. The methodology will involve an exhaustive analysis of the charter evidence relating to the Milanese Church, and any archiepiscopal and papal documents such as letters, decrees, and council reports relevant to the relationship between the papacy and the archbishopric of Milan. In these sources I will undertake a meticulous lexical analysis, offering a close examination of key Latin terminology used to define the relationship. Much of our current perception is based on problematic translations/interpretations and potential mis-readings, and a closer critical, contextual focus on vocabulary will enable me to revise and nuance understandings of the papal-Milanese interrelationship. I will examine how official language was presented and changed, with certain conventions at times omitted or included, paying close attention to how the words of official language relate to shifts in political manoeuvring behind the diplomatic - ultimately boiling down to: language is power. Assessment of how both parties presented themselves, and the other, will unearth important evidence regarding respective perceived identities. I will test the hypothesis that this was a friendship of convenience and thus comprehensively revise the understanding of the papal monarchy as top-down in a position of a universalist model.

拟议中的研究将调查教皇和米兰教会之间的政治和教会关系，米兰教会是西方教会中罗马的主要竞争对手，也是叙任权争夺战的关键教区。通过分析区域主义与普遍主义，它将加深我们对微观和宏观层面上相互冲突的身份的认识，并通过评估机构内部相互竞争的等级制度，它将增强我们在更广泛的范围内解释机构内部权力模型的方式。1）以米兰为案例研究，提供一种修正的方法，这将改变我们在激进的制度变革时期理解拉丁基督教教会内部竞争等级制度的方式。2）为了理解如何，考虑到意大利国王在十世纪的“失败”，以及随着帝国权威的消退，更倾向于地方化的权力结构，教皇对普遍权威的主张在米兰得到了接受。3）为了调和公民爱国主义在米兰是如何发展的，通过其教会的棱镜，除了效忠罗马。米兰是一个理想的候选人，为个案研究的制度层次在拉丁教会，因为它是一个有声望的，地理上接近，潜在威胁罗马的对手米兰的经济实力超过了教皇，它有着强大的身份认同和丰富的教会历史;大主教有自己的首要主张，甚至有自己的礼拜仪式--这两点都与诞生于世纪的复兴教皇的主张不一致，后者在其他地方也有争议。罗马教皇在拉丁基督教世界中极力主张普遍的权威，甚至与那些挑战它的人交战。对米兰的让步与此形成对比，并提出了一个问题，即教皇君主制的起源在多大程度上涉及政治权宜之计。有很大的空间来对教皇与米兰的关系进行新的、扩展的分析，因为米兰人对教会和公共性都有贡献，从神圣罗马帝国蜿蜒到教皇-我打算发现为什么会这样，以及最终教皇的忠诚是多么稳固-它如何影响社会和公民身份，以及如何受到社会和公民身份的影响。安布罗会的传统受到珍视，这刺激了对教皇改革的抵制--这种强烈的身份在拉丁教会等级制度中的大主教地位中处于什么位置？在这个权力结构发生巨大变化的时期，人们的注意力主要集中在王国（王国）和祭司（祭司）之间的冲突上。迫切需要对机构间动态进行研究，以便准确地描述更臭名昭著的冲突，而不需要。该方法将包括对与米兰教会有关的宪章证据以及任何大主教和教皇的文件进行详尽的分析，例如与教皇和米兰大主教区之间关系有关的信件、法令和理事会报告。在这些资料中，我将进行细致的词汇分析，对用于定义这种关系的关键拉丁语术语进行仔细检查。我们目前的大部分看法都是基于有问题的翻译/解释和潜在的误读，对词汇进行更密切的批判性和上下文关注将使我能够修改和细微地理解教皇-米兰的相互关系。我将研究官方语言是如何被提出和改变的，有时省略或包括某些惯例，密切关注官方语言的词汇如何与外交背后的政治操纵的变化相关-最终归结为：语言就是力量。对双方如何展示自己和另一方的评估将挖掘出有关各自感知身份的重要证据。我将检验这是一种出于便利的友谊的假设，从而全面修正教皇君主制是自上而下的普遍主义模式的理解。