New approaches to aphid control in strawberries combining botanicals with natural enemies'

植物药与天敌相结合防治草莓蚜虫的新方法

• 批准号: 2289312
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Harper Adams University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2289312
• 关键词: New; approaches; aphid; control; strawberries

Aphids continue to infest UK strawberries and cause extensive losses, by removing nutrients from plants, vectoring viruses as well as distorting and contaminating fruits and foliage with their excreted honeydew. While several species attack the crop, the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) has in recent years been the most problematic for growers, particularly in early spring. The insecticides that are approved for aphid control are either inconsistent in their efficacy or have a negative impact on the biologicals that are introduced to control aphids and other insect and mite pests. In addition, insecticide resistance has evolved in another important aphid pest of strawberries (cotton-melon aphid, Aphis gossypii), further reducing effective control options. These problems, combined with recent and likely future withdrawals of pesticides, make reliance on conventional insecticides unsustainable for future control of aphids.In this project, the student will test new plant-derived compounds with demonstrated insecticidal activity. These products (including two that showed very promising aphicidal activity in the AHDB MOPS project) have been selected for further in-depth investigation because they act via mechanisms that are unlikely to lead to resistance problems, and preliminary tests have indicated no residual toxicity to natural enemies. Following initial bioassays to compare the insecticidal activities of selected plant-derived compounds against potato and cotton-melon aphids, the student will explore their modes of action, and particularly behavioural effects on the insects. In addition to their direct effects on insects, these compounds also have potential as elicitors of plant natural defence processes, and the student will also investigate this possible mode of action. Their effects on the biology and behaviour of aphid natural enemies (particularly parasitoids) will also be explored.

蚜虫继续侵扰英国草莓，并造成巨大损失，它们会夺走植物的营养，传播病毒，并用分泌的蜜露扭曲和污染水果和叶子。虽然有几个物种攻击作物，但马铃薯蚜虫（Macrosiphum euphorbiae）近年来一直是种植者面临的最大问题，特别是在早春。批准用于控制蚜虫的杀虫剂要么功效不一致，要么对用于控制蚜虫和其他昆虫和螨虫的生物制剂产生负面影响。此外，草莓的另一种重要蚜虫（棉瓜蚜，Aphis gossypii）已进化出杀虫剂抗药性，进一步减少了有效的防治选择。这些问题，再加上最近和未来可能的农药停用，使得未来对蚜虫的控制不再依赖传统杀虫剂。在这个项目中，学生将测试具有杀虫活性的新型植物源化合物。这些产品（包括 AHDB MOPS 项目中显示出非常有前景的杀蚜活性的两种产品）已被选中进行进一步深入研究，因为它们的作用机制不太可能导致抗性问题，而且初步测试表明对天敌没有残留毒性。在进行初步生物测定以比较选定的植物源化合物对马铃薯和棉瓜蚜虫的杀虫活性后，学生将探索它们的作用方式，特别是对昆虫的行为影响。除了对昆虫的直接影响外，这些化合物还具有作为植物自然防御过程的激发剂的潜力，学生还将研究这种可能的作用模式。还将探讨它们对蚜虫天敌（特别是寄生蜂）的生物学和行为的影响。