INTERVENTIONS TO INCREASE ADOLESCENT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

青春期女孩，特别是非裔美国女孩，采取久坐不动的生活方式的风险增加，从而增加了她们患心血管疾病的可能性。很少有针对青少年的基于学校的体育活动干预措施，尽管这是一个他们的体育活动水平急剧下降的时期。对干预效果的长期跟踪几乎是不存在的。拟议的项目是一项随机对照试验，在体育课(PE)与标准体育课期间进行面向生活技能的综合有氧体育活动干预(CAP)，以增加以非裔美国人为主的青春期女孩的身体活动和心肺健康。将对干预效果超过两年半的长期随访进行评估。这项干预将在两个学期内进行，并将行为技能训练纳入以有氧运动为重点的体育课，包括强大的泛化和预防复发训练部分。这项干预的一个独特特点是，通过家长支助培训课程和邮寄支助提示和提醒，向家庭成员提供家庭支助部分。后续措施将通过11年级(两年半以上)进行评估，以确定干预措施在体力活动水平、心肺功能和其他选定的心血管危险因素方面的长期有效性。在马里兰州巴尔的摩的一所女子公立高中就读的九年级女生(连续3年参加3组；n=300)将被随机分配到CAP或标准体育班。体力活动水平将通过7天的体力活动回忆和50%随机子样本中的客观心率/运动传感器监测来确定。心肺健康状况将通过次最大台阶试验进行评估。选定的心血管危险因素(血压、身体成分、血脂)也将被确定。随机化后5个月、11个月、14个月和30个月的随访将被评估，提供与标准体育相比的体力活动水平和心肺功能的长期评估。该项目将确定在学校环境中提供综合干预的能力，以减少通常在青春期女孩中观察到的体力活动下降的速度。

Adolescent girls, particularly African American girls, are at increased risk of adopting a sedentary lifestyle, increasing their likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases. There have been few school-based physical activity interventions for adolescents, even though this is a time in which their physical activity levels dramatically decline. Long-term follow-up of intervention effectiveness is virtually non-existent. The proposed project is a randomized, controlled trial of a life skills-oriented, comprehensive aerobic physical activity intervention (CAP) conducted during physical education (PE) class versus standard PE to increase physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in predominantly African American adolescent girls. Long-term follow-up of intervention effectiveness over 2 1/2 years will be assessed. The intervention will be conducted over two semesters and will incorporate behavioral skills training, including strong generalization and relapse prevention training components, into a PE class that focuses on aerobic exercise. A unique feature of the intervention is a family support component operationalized by a parent support training session and mail-delivered support tips and reminders to family members. Follow-up measures will be assessed through 11th grade (over 2 1/2 years) to determine long- term effectiveness of the interventions on physical activity level, cardiorespiratory fitness, and other selected cardiovascular risk factors. Ninth grade girls (3 cohorts in 3 successive years; n=300) attending an all-girls public high school in Baltimore, MD will be randomly assigned to the CAP or to standard PE. Physical activity level will be determined by the 7-day physical activity recall and by objective heart rate/motion sensor monitoring in a 50 percent random subsample. Cardiorespiratory fitness will be estimated from a submaximal step test. Selected cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, body composition, lipids) will also be determined. Follow-up will be assessed at 5, 11, 14, and 30 months post-randomization, providing long-term assessment of physical activity level and cardiorespiratory fitness compared with standard PE. This project will determine the ability of comprehensive interventions delivered in a school setting to reduce the rate of decline in physical activity typically observed in adolescent girls.