Exploring the effect of a low-fat diet and/or exercise on change in inflammatory

描述（由申请人提供）：生活方式，如低脂饮食模式和规律的身体活动，与降低心血管疾病（CVD）风险和改善CVD危险因素相关。目前尚不清楚这些生活方式行为与被认为在心血管疾病发展中起重要作用的新兴风险因素（如炎症）之间的关系。横断面研究表明，剧烈的体育活动与较低的炎症标志物，特别是c反应蛋白（CRP）有关。有限数量的干预表明，有规律的体育活动可能会降低CRP水平，但之前的研究样本量小，没有对照组。相比之下，只有少数横断面研究评估了低脂饮食和CRP之间的关系，并且有一种建议，即低脂肪饮食摄入与较高的CRP水平相关。没有干预措施评估低脂饮食对CRP的影响。因此，关于生活方式对CRP影响的主要问题还没有得到回答：有规律的体育活动能降低CRP吗？低脂饮食对CRP没有好处吗？如果这些生活方式因素结合在一起会发生什么？为了设计最佳的生活方式干预措施以降低高危人群心血管疾病的风险，回答这些问题至关重要。饮食和运动增加风险（鹿）试验的数据集，一个随机的，对照试验可以回答这些重要的问题。197名男性和180名绝经后脂蛋白水平不理想的女性被随机分配到一个为期1年的低脂饮食试验中；(2)经常进行体育锻炼；（三）饮食和体育活动；(4)控制。储存的标本可用于测量血浆CRP水平。本研究将确定饮食和身体活动单独或联合对相对于对照组的CRP的影响，并探索饮食模式和身体活动的结合来降低高危人群的CRP水平。本应用响应PA 06-181，通过测试高危人群生活方式干预CRP的可行性，探索一个新的科学领域。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Lifestyle patterns, such as consuming a low-fat dietary pattern and regular physical activity, are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improvement in CVD risk factors. It is less clear how these lifestyle behaviors are associated with emerging risk factors thought to play an important role in development of CVD, such as inflammation. Cross-sectional studies indicate that vigorous physical activity is associated with lower inflammatory markers, particularly C-reactive protein (CRP). A limited number of interventions suggest that regular physical activity may reduce CRP levels, but previous studies have had small sample sizes and no control groups. In contrast, only a few cross-sectional studies have assessed associations among a low-fat diet and CRP, and there is a suggestion that dietary intakes low in fat are associated with higher CRP levels. No interventions have evaluated the effects of a low-fat diet on CRP. Thus, major questions about lifestyle patterns on CRP have not been answered: Can regular physical activity reduce CRP? Does a low-fat diet not benefit CRP? What happens if these lifestyle factors are combined? These questions are critical to answer in order to design optimal lifestyle interventions to reduce risk of CVD in high-risk populations. The data set from the Diet and Exercise for Elevated Risk (DEER) trial, a randomized, controlled trial can answer these important questions. 197 men and 180 postmenopausal women with unfavorable lipoprotein levels were randomized to a 1-year trial of a (1) low-fat diet; (2) regular physical activity; (3) diet and physical activity; (4) control. Stored specimens are available to measure plasma CRP levels. This research will determine the effects of diet and physical activity, alone and in combination, on CRP relative to the control group, and explore combinations of dietary patterns and physical activity to reduce CRP levels in high-risk individuals. This application responds to PA 06-181 by testing the feasibility of lifestyle interventions on CRP in high-risk individuals to explore a new scientific area. Public Health Relevance: Recent evidence has emerged that inflammation is a key factor in the development of coronary heart disease. There are currently no recommendations for lifestyle changes that can reduce markers of inflammation. This study will use an existing data set to test whether a low-fat diet, increased physical activity, each alone or combined, can reduce markers of inflammation. These results can help determine what the optimal lifestyle changes are necessary to reduce inflammation, with the ultimate goal of reducing risk for coronary heart disease.