Exploring the effect of a low-fat diet and/or exercise on change in inflammatory

描述(由申请人提供)：生活方式，如食用低脂肪饮食模式和定期体育活动，与心血管疾病(CVD)风险的降低和心血管疾病风险因素的改善有关。目前尚不清楚这些生活方式行为与新出现的风险因素之间的关系，这些风险因素被认为在心血管疾病的发展中发挥重要作用，如炎症。横断面研究表明，剧烈的体力活动与较低的炎症标志物有关，特别是C反应蛋白(CRP)。有限数量的干预表明，有规律的体力活动可能会降低CRP水平，但之前的研究样本量很小，没有对照组。相比之下，只有几项横断面研究评估了低脂饮食与C反应蛋白之间的关系，而且有迹象表明，低脂肪饮食摄入量与较高的C反应蛋白水平有关。目前还没有干预措施评估低脂饮食对C反应蛋白的影响。因此，关于C反应蛋白的生活方式的主要问题还没有得到回答：有规律的体力活动能降低C反应蛋白吗？低脂饮食对C反应蛋白没有好处吗？如果将这些生活方式因素结合在一起，会发生什么？为了设计最佳的生活方式干预措施以降低高危人群的心血管疾病风险，回答这些问题是至关重要的。来自饮食和运动增加风险(DEER)试验的数据集，这是一项随机对照试验，可以回答这些重要问题。197名男性和180名绝经后脂蛋白水平不佳的女性被随机分配到(1)低脂肪饮食；(2)定期体力活动；(3)饮食和体力活动；(4)对照的为期一年的试验中。储存的标本可用于测量血浆C反应蛋白水平。这项研究将确定与对照组相比，饮食和体力活动单独和组合对CRP的影响，并探索饮食模式和体力活动的组合以降低高危个体的CRP水平。该应用程序响应PA 06-181，测试生活方式干预对高危人群C反应蛋白的可行性，以探索新的科学领域。 公共卫生相关性：最近出现的证据表明，炎症是冠心病发展的一个关键因素。目前还没有关于改变生活方式可以减少炎症标志物的建议。这项研究将使用现有的数据集来测试低脂肪饮食和增加体力活动，无论是单独还是联合使用，是否可以减少炎症的标志。这些结果可以帮助确定哪些最佳生活方式的改变是减少炎症所必需的，最终目标是降低冠心病的风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Lifestyle patterns, such as consuming a low-fat dietary pattern and regular physical activity, are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improvement in CVD risk factors. It is less clear how these lifestyle behaviors are associated with emerging risk factors thought to play an important role in development of CVD, such as inflammation. Cross-sectional studies indicate that vigorous physical activity is associated with lower inflammatory markers, particularly C-reactive protein (CRP). A limited number of interventions suggest that regular physical activity may reduce CRP levels, but previous studies have had small sample sizes and no control groups. In contrast, only a few cross-sectional studies have assessed associations among a low-fat diet and CRP, and there is a suggestion that dietary intakes low in fat are associated with higher CRP levels. No interventions have evaluated the effects of a low-fat diet on CRP. Thus, major questions about lifestyle patterns on CRP have not been answered: Can regular physical activity reduce CRP? Does a low-fat diet not benefit CRP? What happens if these lifestyle factors are combined? These questions are critical to answer in order to design optimal lifestyle interventions to reduce risk of CVD in high-risk populations. The data set from the Diet and Exercise for Elevated Risk (DEER) trial, a randomized, controlled trial can answer these important questions. 197 men and 180 postmenopausal women with unfavorable lipoprotein levels were randomized to a 1-year trial of a (1) low-fat diet; (2) regular physical activity; (3) diet and physical activity; (4) control. Stored specimens are available to measure plasma CRP levels. This research will determine the effects of diet and physical activity, alone and in combination, on CRP relative to the control group, and explore combinations of dietary patterns and physical activity to reduce CRP levels in high-risk individuals. This application responds to PA 06-181 by testing the feasibility of lifestyle interventions on CRP in high-risk individuals to explore a new scientific area. Public Health Relevance: Recent evidence has emerged that inflammation is a key factor in the development of coronary heart disease. There are currently no recommendations for lifestyle changes that can reduce markers of inflammation. This study will use an existing data set to test whether a low-fat diet, increased physical activity, each alone or combined, can reduce markers of inflammation. These results can help determine what the optimal lifestyle changes are necessary to reduce inflammation, with the ultimate goal of reducing risk for coronary heart disease.