Rationally designed probiotic approaches to combat antibiotic-associated diarrhoea:

人类拥有大约100万亿个共生微生物(共生微生物区系)，它们是宿主免疫和新陈代谢的主要调节因素。通过抗生素治疗破坏微生物区系与抗生素相关性腹泻(AAD)和肠道感染的易感性增加有关。虽然微生物区系的破坏显然会导致AAD和肠道感染，但目前尚不清楚微生物区系中哪些特定成员的丢失会使宿主容易受到AAD和肠道感染。在我们最近的工作中(Brown等人，《自然通讯》，2017)，我们开发了构建共生微生物合成群落的方法，以探索这些生物如何调节宿主免疫。该项目将以帝国理工学院的克拉克集团(http://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/thomas.clarke)为基础，与我们的行业合作伙伴雀巢合作。我们将使用我们的新模型和方法来解决这一知识缺口，为个性化、合理设计的方法铺平道路，以恢复微生物区系的动态平衡，以对抗AAD和肠道感染。此外，它还将在微生物区系令人兴奋和备受欢迎的领域提供尖端培训，并提供无与伦比的进入行业的途径。该学员将利用该司世界领先的分析能力，并提高其信息学和成像能力，以提供多窗口视角，了解微生物区系失调的个性化治疗方法，以及抗击传染病的新方法。

Humans are home to approximately 100 trillion symbiotic microbes (the commensal microbiota) which are a major regulator of host immunity and metabolism. Microbiota disruption through antibiotic treatment is associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) and increased susceptibility to enteric infection. While it is clear that microbiota disruption leads to AAD and enteric infection, it remains unclear as to the loss of which specific members of the microbiota renders the host susceptible to AAD and enteric infection. In our recent work (Brown et al, Nature Comms, 2017), we have developed ways to construct synthetic communities of symbiotic microbes to probe how these organisms regulate host immunity. This project will be based in the Clarke group (http://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/thomas.clarke) at Imperial and is a collaboration with our industry partner Nestlé. We will use our novel models and approaches to tackle this gap in knowledge to pave the way for personalised, rationally designed approaches to restore microbiota homeostasis to combat AAD and enteric infection. In addition it will provide cutting-edge training in the exciting and highly sought-after areas of the microbiota and provide unparalleled access to industry.This studentship will leverage the world-leading analytical capacity of the Division and advance its informatics and imaging capacity to provide a multi-window view into personalised treatments for microbiota dysbiosis, and novel ways to combat infectious disease.