Human middle ear imaging, physiology, and biomechanics

人类中耳成像、生理学和生物力学

• 批准号: 6822952
• 负责人: CHARLES Richard STEELE
• 金额: $ 33.8万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-05 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6822952
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); adult human (21+); auditory ossicles; biomechanics; clinical research; computed axial tomography; human subject; mathematical model; middle ear; model design /development; morphometry; otoacoustic emission; physical model; physiology; postmortem; sound impedance; tympanum

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of this project is to understand the relationship between human middle ear morphemetry and the biomechanical processes that lead to physiological responses. The rational behind this study is that a lack of knowledge about the relationship between structures and middle ear sound transmission has resulted in unsatisfactory success of middle ear repairs and difficulties in interpreting otoacoustic emissions. Our approach is to deconstruct the middle ear into three sub systems that are each characterized through a combination of morphological and physiological measurements as well as three-dimensional mathematical analyses. The sub systems are: (1) the isolated tympanic membrane coupled to the ear canal, (2) the isolated malleus-incus complex, and (3) the isolated stapes footplate. For each sub system and for the intact middle ear, high-resolution microCT images will be used to image individual cadaveric ears. The microCT images are segmented and combined to obtain three-dimensional volume reconstructions of the ear canal, eardrum, ossicles, ligaments and tendons, which are further analyzed to obtain the desired morphemetry. Dynamic measurements are made in order to determine the biomechanical parameters of the morphologically based sub models. To characterize the eardrum sub system, the incus is removed, and the velocity from different sections, including anterior, inferior, and posterior sections will be measured. A mathematical model will be formulated, incorporating anatomical features of the eardrum, including its angular placement in the ear canal, conical shape and its highly organized circumferential and radial fiber layers. To characterize the malleus-incus complex, isolated by dissecting the eardrum and the stapes from the temporal bone, three-dimensional velocity at several points will be measured. An elastic model for the malleus-incus sub system will be developed that incorporates he incudo-malleolar joint slippage, ligaments and tendon attachments. To characterize the stapes sub model, reverse acoustic impedance measurements will be made. The outcome of our studies will result in an anatomically based mathematical analysis of the intact middle ear by combining each of the sub models. Measurements of forward and reverse acoustic measurements from the temporal bone ears, before deconstruction, will be used to test the validity of the analyses developed for cadaver ears. As in cadaver eardrums, the velocity from different sections of the eardrum of living subjects will be measured and similar analysis performed to derive its in-vivo biomechanical parameters. The studies will provide a solid foundation for the structural basis for middle ear sound transmission and will have applications in many areas of hearing health care.

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目的总体目标是了解人类中耳形态与导致生理反应的生物力学过程之间的关系。这项研究背后的原因是，缺乏知识的结构和中耳声音传输之间的关系，导致中耳修复的成功率不令人满意，难以解释耳声发射。我们的方法是将中耳解构为三个子系统，每个子系统都通过形态和生理测量以及三维数学分析的组合来表征。这些子系统是：（1）与耳道相连的分离鼓膜，（2）分离锤骨-砧骨复合体，和（3）分离镫骨底板。对于每个子系统和完整中耳，将使用高分辨率microCT图像对个体尸体耳朵进行成像。microCT图像被分割和组合以获得耳道、鼓膜、听小骨、韧带和肌腱的三维体积重建，其被进一步分析以获得所需的形态学。进行动态测量以确定基于形态学的子模型的生物力学参数。为了表征鼓膜子系统，移除砧骨，并测量不同部分（包括前部、下部和后部）的速度。将制定一个数学模型，结合鼓膜的解剖学特征，包括其在耳道中的角度放置，圆锥形及其高度组织化的圆周和径向纤维层。为了表征锤骨-砧骨复合体，通过从颞骨解剖鼓膜和镫骨分离，将测量几个点的三维速度。将开发一个包含砧踝关节滑动、韧带和肌腱附着的锤骨-砧子系统的弹性模型。为了表征镫骨子模型，将进行反向声阻抗测量。我们的研究结果将导致一个完整的中耳解剖学为基础的数学分析，结合每个子模型。在解构之前，将使用颞骨耳的正向和反向声学测量值来测试为尸体耳开发的分析的有效性。与尸体鼓膜一样，将测量活体受试者鼓膜不同部分的速度，并进行类似的分析，以得出其体内生物力学参数。这些研究将为中耳声音传输的结构基础提供坚实的基础，并将在听力保健的许多领域中应用。