Advanced methods and materials for quality assurance of fuel cell hydrogen

燃料电池氢气质量保证的先进方法和材料

• 批准号: 2292551
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2292551
• 关键词: Advanced; methods; materials; quality; assurance

Due to the damaging environmental effects of using fossil fuels in the transport industry, national and international targets have been set in order to reduce CO2 emissions. One solution to this problem is the further adoption of fuel cell vehicles which use hydrogen as a fuel source. In the UK it is expected that 1.6 million fuel cell vehicles will be on the road by 2030, with 1,100 hydrogen refueling stations in operation to support this growing sector.In Europe, it is mandatory for all hydrogen refueling stations to prove that their stored hydrogen is pure enough to prevent degradation of fuel cell components. The international standard ISO 14687 - 2:2012 2 specifies the maximum impurity levels of 13 gaseous impurities that can be present in fuel cell hydrogen. There is a large analytical challenge associated with performing quality control to this standard, as most of the impurities listed will be difficult to measure using standard techniques. Some impurities, such as oxygen, are largely affected by air contamination, while others such as formaldehyde specify such low levels that specialized equipment is required to provide an accurate measurement.While there are a number of techniques suggested by ISO 14687-2:2012 2 to analyze these impurities the volume of equipment required makes providing a full analysis unreasonable for most laboratories. In some cases more than 9 pieces of equipment are required, making the capital cost for a laboratory extremely large. Additionally a large sample would be required which is unreasonable, as fuel suppliers will wish to preserve as much of their product as possible.This PhD project will investigate how impurity measurement could be made easier, and cheaper through the use of hydrogen enrichment using palladium alloy membranes, along with some of the challenges and potential solutions involved in the development of such a device.

由于在运输业中使用化石燃料对环境的破坏性影响，已经制定了国家和国际目标，以减少二氧化碳排放。这个问题的一个解决方案是进一步采用使用氢作为燃料源的燃料电池车辆。在英国，预计到2030年，将有160万辆燃料电池汽车上路，其中1,100个加氢站正在运营，以支持这一不断增长的行业。在欧洲，所有加氢站都必须证明其储存的氢气纯度足以防止燃料电池组件退化。国际标准ISO 14687 - 2：2012 2规定了燃料电池氢中可能存在的13种气态杂质的最大杂质水平。对该标准品进行质量控制存在很大的分析挑战，因为列出的大多数杂质难以使用标准技术进行测量。有些杂质，如氧气，很大程度上受空气污染的影响，而其他杂质，如甲醛，则规定了如此低的水平，需要专门的设备来提供准确的测量。虽然ISO 14687-2：2012 2建议了许多技术来分析这些杂质，但所需的设备体积使得大多数实验室无法提供全面的分析。在某些情况下，需要超过9件设备，使得实验室的资本成本非常大。此外，由于燃料供应商希望尽可能多地保存其产品，因此需要大量样品，这是不合理的。本博士项目将研究如何通过使用钯合金膜进行氢富集来使杂质测量更容易，更便宜，沿着一些挑战和潜在的解决方案，这些挑战和潜在的解决方案涉及这种设备的开发。