HANTAVIRUS ECOLOGY AND DISEASE IN CHILE

智利的汉坦病毒生态和疾病

• 批准号: 6928199
• 负责人: Gregory James Mertz
• 金额: $ 100.57万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-01 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6928199
• 关键词: Hantavirus; cooperative study; disease outbreaks

Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is an acute viral infection with a 50% case-fatality that was first recognized in 1993 in New Mexico. Wild rodents transmit it to man. Both North and South America have experienced outbreaks and sporadic cases of HCPS, with 500 cases now recognized. University of New Mexico (UNM) faculty are leaders in the study of HCPS and its ecology, diagnosis, molecular biology, vaccine development, treatment, and pathogenesis. They have traveled to 5 countries in South America, Europe, Israel and Australia to teach courses and conduct workshops, and several have served on NIH and CDC committees on HCPS. UNM currently holds more than $1 million/year in direct costs in federal grants that are directed solely in hantavirus research, as well as other large grants with a hantavirus component. This application describes an International Collaboration in Infectious Diseases Research (ICIDR) program for hantavirus research that matches UNM expertise and resources with similar impressive expertise and resources in Chile. Chilean collaborators are in Santiago at the federal Ministry of Health, including its laboratory branch, the Institute of Public Health (ISP); at Catholic University and University of Chile; and at regional hospitals in Coyhaique and Temuco, two of the primary sites at which HCPS patients are treated. Highly qualified and well-trained collaborators have been identified at all sites. The Ministry of Health rapidly developed resources and manpower to address the HCPS outbreaks, which were first recognized only in August 1997. They have constructed a new laboratory for biological containment work involving the very dangerous Andes hantavirus strain at the ISP and have secured a steady funding stream of $600,000/year from the federal government solely for hantavirus prevention and treatment. Most of these monies can be considered matching funds for the present application. The application involves 4 very strongly linked projects on the ecology of hantaviruses in wild rodents, the interpersonal transmission of HCPS, the genetic basis for severe HCPS and the treatment of HCPS. Two other US universities also provide specific research expertise. Each project pairs strong US technology and experience with highly motivated and experienced Chilean collaborators. Each project has clear and achievable specific aims that will advance the field considerably. A major goal of each project is the rapid and early transfer of technology to Chile to advance scientific knowledge about HCPS for the mutual benefit of both Chilean and US public health. The projects will foster Chilean science well beyond the hantavirus research arena. This ICIDR application is uniquely situated to produce a tremendous return in scientific knowledge because of the substantial cost-matching in Chile and the US and because there is currently relatively little knowledge regarding hantavirus ecology, transmission, disease causation, and treatment.

汉坦病毒心肺综合征（HCPS）是一种急性病毒感染，病死率为50%，于1993年在新墨西哥州首次发现。北美和南美都经历了HCPS的爆发和零星病例，目前已确认有500例。新墨西哥州大学（UNM）的教师是HCPS及其生态学，诊断，分子生物学，疫苗开发，治疗和发病机制研究的领导者。他们曾前往南美、欧洲、以色列和澳大利亚的5个国家讲授课程和举办研讨会，其中一些人曾在NIH和CDC的HCPS委员会任职。新墨西哥大学目前每年持有100多万美元的联邦赠款直接费用，这些赠款专门用于汉他病毒研究，以及其他含有汉他病毒成分的大笔赠款。本申请描述了一个国际传染病研究合作（ICIDR）计划，用于汉他病毒研究，该计划将UNM的专业知识和资源与智利类似的令人印象深刻的专业知识和资源相匹配。智利的合作者在圣地亚哥的联邦卫生部，包括其实验室分支，公共卫生研究所;天主教大学和智利大学;以及科伊海克和特木科的区域医院，这两个医院是治疗HCPS患者的主要地点。已在所有地点确定了高素质和训练有素的合作者。卫生部迅速发展资源和人力，以处理1997年8月才首次发现的HCPS爆发。他们在ISP建造了一个新的实验室，用于涉及非常危险的安第斯山脉汉他病毒株的生物遏制工作，并从联邦政府获得了每年60万美元的稳定资金流，专门用于汉他病毒的预防和治疗。这些钱中的大部分可以被认为是目前申请的匹配资金。申请涉及4个密切相关的项目，涉及野生啮齿动物中汉坦病毒的生态学、HCPS的人际传播、严重HCPS的遗传基础和HCPS的治疗。另外两所美国大学也提供具体的研究专长。每个项目都将强大的美国技术和经验与高度积极和经验丰富的智利合作者相结合。每个项目都有明确和可实现的具体目标，将大大推动该领域的发展。每个项目的一个主要目标是迅速和早期向智利转让技术，以促进关于HCPS的科学知识，从而使智利和美国的公共卫生共同受益。这些项目将促进智利科学远远超出汉坦病毒研究竞技场。由于智利和美国的大量成本匹配，而且目前对汉他病毒生态、传播、致病和治疗的了解相对较少，因此ICIDR应用处于独特的位置，可以产生巨大的科学知识回报。