Disparity Processing in Sensory and Motor Functions

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案研究了双眼视差线索感知的视跳眼注视转移对表面倾斜感知的潜在益处和局限性。倾斜感知是基于几种视网膜和视网膜外的线索。视网膜信号包括水平和垂直视差模式和视网膜偏心。视网膜外线索包括眼位置的版本和会聚信息。它们的不确定性或噪音水平限制了这些线索被表示的准确性。与视网膜线索相关的不确定性的数量随视网膜图像轨迹而变化。当目标在中央凹的高分辨率区域附近成像时，可以毫不费力地感觉到表面倾斜。当目标在周围成像时，如在比较距离较远的目标的倾斜度时，一次只能在中央凹上成像一个目标，倾斜度更难估计。目光的转移可以在几个方面促进倾斜分辨率。他们可以通过在靠近视轴的中央凹上依次成像，来提高对间隔较宽的目标的视网膜信号的分辨率。它们还可以提供视网膜外的信号，用于判断目标的距离和方向，这些信号用于感知相对于头部的倾斜表面。然而，眼球运动也可能限制斜分辨率，如果在凝视转移时，眼球运动的版本和会聚的不确定性大于垂直视差模式和视网膜图像位置的不确定性。眼球运动还可以通过缩短观看时间，并在连续观看刺激之间引入时间延迟，从而引入斜视辨别的时间限制。本研究探讨了视感觉和运动系统如何利用眼动注视转移来减少各种噪声源并提高斜视视差信号的质量。这种降噪应该会扩大高分辨率立体倾斜感知的空间范围。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal investigates the potential benefits and limitations imposed by saccadic gaze shifts on surface slant perception, sensed with binocular disparity cues. Slant percepts are based on several retinal and extra-retinal cues. Retinal cues include horizontal and vertical disparity patterns and retinal eccentricity. Extra-retinal cues include information about version and vergence eye position. Their uncertainty or noise levels limit the accuracy with which these cues are represented. The amount of uncertainty associated with retinal cues varies with retinal image locus. Surface slant is sensed effortlessly when targets are imaged near the high-resolution region of the fovea. Slant is more difficult to estimate when targets are imaged in the periphery such as when comparing slant of widely separated targets and only one target can be imaged on the fovea at a time. Gaze shifts could facilitate slant resolution in several ways. They could improve resolution of retinal cues of widely spaced targets by imaging them sequentially on the fovea near the horopter. They could also provide extra-retinal signals for distance and direction of targets that are used to sense surface slant relative to the head. However, eye movements might also limit slant resolution if uncertainty about version and vergence eye movements during gaze shifts was greater than uncertainty of vertical disparity patterns and retinal image position of targets viewed peripherally with a stationary eye. Eye movements could also introduce temporal limitations for slant discrimination by shortening viewing duration, and introducing time delays between sequentially viewed stimuli. This proposal investigates how the visual sensory and motor systems interact using saccadic gaze shifts to reduce various sources of noise and improve the quality of retinal disparity cues for slant. This noise reduction should expand the spatial range of high-resolution stereo-slant perception.