Substance Use/HIV in 3 DC Southeast Asian Communities

在美国乔治华盛顿大学公共卫生与健康服务学院卫生服务研究和政策中心、发展服务集团公司和应用语言学中心，关于东南亚人口中药物使用/滥用和艾滋病毒相关风险做法的数据非常少。因此，开发服务集团和应用语言学中心建议进行一项研究，以调查华盛顿特区越南、柬埔寨和老挝社区中药物使用/滥用和艾滋病毒相关风险做法的特征、流行率和文化背景。这项研究将把人种学的定性战略与定量方法结合起来，以便提供关于风险做法(行为)和这些做法所在的社会文化框架的数据。将开发三个经过文化(合格)修改和翻译(越南语、高棉语和老挝语)的定量工具版本--由全国药物滥用家庭调查的要素，以及来自疾病控制和预防中心的行为风险因素调查、国家药物滥用问题研究所的风险行为评估以及正在进行的针对亚洲移民和患有艾滋病/艾滋病毒的难民的示范研究中开发的工具的问题组成--供亲自使用和与音频增强的计算机和自我管理访谈(Audio-CASI)技术一起使用，以尽量减少漏报。文化适应和压力/幸福感指标将添加到调查中。定性部分将包括参与者观察、焦点小组和关于药物使用/滥用和艾滋病毒相关风险做法的特定文化态度、信仰和社会模式的广泛定性访谈。一般人群和目标亚样本都将包括在研究中。将在三个国家/族裔群体之间和内部进行比较。将审查六个研究问题，根据以下变量评估三个东南亚目标人口之间和内部的药物使用/滥用和艾滋病毒相关风险做法：族裔/民族群体；移民的日期和特征；社会经济地位；文化适应程度；关于可耻行为的文化禁忌；代际/年龄；出生地(美国/不是美国)；(年轻人)参加帮派；以及社会边缘。

Very little data exist on substance use/abuse and HIV- related risk practices among Southeast Asian population in the U.S. George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services' Center for Health Services Research and Policy, Development Services Group, Inc., and the Center for Applied Linguistics are, therefore, proposing to conduct a study to investigate the characteristics, prevalence and cultural context of substance use/abuse and HIV-related risk practices among the Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian communities of the Washington, DC metropolitan area. The study will combine ethnographic qualitative strategies with quantitative approaches in order to provide data on both risk practices (behavior) and the socio- cultural framework in which these practices are embedded. Three culturally (competent) modified and translated (Vietnamese, Khmer, and Lao) versions of the quantitative instrument will be developed - composed of elements from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, together with questions taken from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, National Institute on Drug Abuse's Risk Behavior Assessment, and from an instrument developed in an ongoing federally funded demonstration study targeting Asian immigrants and refugees living with AIDS/HIV - for use in person and with audio-enhanced computer and self-administered interview (AUDIO- CASI) technology in order to minimize under-reporting. Acculturation and stress/well-being measures will be added to the survey. The qualitative component will include participant observation, focus groups, and extended qualitative interviews concerning culturally-specific attitudes, beliefs and social patterns surrounding substance use/abuse and HIV-related risk practices. Both general population and targeted sub-samples will be included in the study. Comparisons will be made between and within the three national/ethnic groups. Six research questions will be examined in which substance use/abuse and HIV-related risk practices among and within the three targeted Southeast Asian populations are assessed against the following variables: ethnic/national group; date and character of immigration; socioeconomic status; degree of acculturation; cultural proscription concerning shameful behavior; generation/age; birthplace (U.S./not U.S.); (for youth) participation in a gang; and social marginality.