Sugar and Slate: A labour history of the Pennants' Estates in Jamaica and North Wales 1700 - 1950

位于北威尔士班戈的彭格林城堡是彭南特家族、牙买加种植园所有者和北威尔士板岩采石场实业家财富的永恒纪念碑。三角旗公司拥有和管理加勒比海地区的甘蔗种植园，由被奴役的、契约的和后来的自由劳工经营，同时经营彭林采石场。这项研究将考虑牙买加和北威尔士的发展对彼此的影响，以呈现错综复杂的劳动史的现实。同时研究这两个劳动地点将使双向交流的思想和做法能够得到检验。该项目将使历史学家和更广泛的公众更好地了解牙买加的变化对英国劳动力发展的影响，反之亦然。这项研究将确定采石场和种植园之间的管理思想和实践。它还将探索这两个截然不同但相互关联的地点在劳工抵抗和抗议方面的异同。在这两个地点都发生了集体行动和成立工会，使我能够调查跨境意识和团结的存在。关于彭南特家族遗产的历史目前有限，但家族档案中的许多未使用的资料提供了一个机会，可以创造出更全面的比较劳动历史(Evans 2010，Burnard 2011，Lindsay 1974)。该项目将使用全球方法研究劳工历史，以便更好地了解英国和加勒比地区的劳工发展。它还将寻求为公众如何更好地理解错综复杂的历史的现实提供建议。该项目旨在回答以下问题：牙买加的Pennants糖料种植园和北威尔士的Penlyn板岩采石场的劳动历史有什么相似之处和不同之处？这些相似之处和不同之处的意义是什么？种植园和采石场所有者的双重角色在多大程度上影响了锦旗家族的决策？这两个地区的劳工抵抗和管理层的反应有什么异同？研究跨地域的劳动史有什么好处，比较方法如何更好地反映劳工的全球发展现实？彭林城堡应该如何向今天的参观者展示彭南特家族的劳动史？为了回答这些问题，我将以定量和定性的方法仔细阅读与英国和加勒比海劳动场所有关的信件、报告、会议纪要和地图。我将比较两地在劳工管理和经验方面的变化，以找出异同。我打算构建与公司支出和来自档案材料的收入相关的数据集，以便调查随着时间的推移，与每个网站不断变化的盈利能力有关的劳动力性质的变化。这将使我能够将劳工和劳工管理的经验与经济表现分析联系起来，结果将是按时间结构排列的彭南特劳动地点的比较历史，使人们能够认识到殖民地和大都会之间的相似和差异。这段历史将在大西洋和全球资本主义的更广泛发展的背景下呈现。家族财富的实际存在，彭格林城堡，现在是国家信托遗址，为公众提供了一个参与这段历史的机会。我希望与彭乔恩城堡合作，确保游客能够了解旗帜的全球劳工历史和学校教师，以便为学生创建可访问的材料。

Penrhyn Castle in Bangor, North Wales is a lasting monument to the fortune of the Pennant family, Jamaican plantation owners and slate quarry industrialists in North Wales. The Pennants owned and managed sugar plantations in the Caribbean, worked on by enslaved, indentured and later free labourers, while at the same time running Penrhyn Quarry.This research will consider the impact that developments in Jamaica and North Wales had on each other in order to present the reality of an entangled labour history. Studying both locations of labour alongside each other will enable the bidirectional exchange of ideas and practices to be examined. The project will empower historians and the wider public to better understand the impact that changes in Jamaica had on Britain's labour development and vice versa.This study will identify where management thought and practice passed between the quarry and plantations. It will also explore the similarities and differences in labour resistance and protest in these two disparate but connected locations. Collective action and unionisation took place on both sites, enabling me to investigate the existence of cross-border awareness and solidarity. Limited histories of the Pennant's estates currently exist, but many unused sources in the family's archives provide an opportunity to create a much fuller comparative labour history (Evans 2010, Burnard 2011, Lindsay 1974). This project will use a global approach to labour history to afford a better understanding of labour's development both in Britain and the Caribbean. It will also seek to provide suggestions for how the reality of an entangled history might be better understood by the public. This project aims to answer the following questions:What are the parallels and differences between the labour histories of the Pennants' sugar plantation in Jamaica, and the Penrhyn slate quarry in North Wales? What is the significance of these parallels and differences?How far did the dual role of plantation and quarry owner influence decisions made by the Pennants?What are the similarities and differences of labour resistance and management's response in both locations?What are the benefits of studying cross-geography labour histories and how does a comparative approach better reflect the reality of labour's global development?How should Penrhyn Castle present the Pennant family's labour history to its visitors today?To answer these questions, I will closely read letters, reports, minutes, and maps which relate to both British and Caribbean sites of labour with a quantitative and qualitative approach. I will compare the changes in labour management and experience in both places to reveal similarities and differences. I intend to construct data sets relating to company expenditure and income from the archival material in order to investigate the changing nature of labour over time in relation to the changing profitability of each site. This will enable me to contextualise the experience of labour and labour management with analysis of economic performance.The result will be chronologically structured comparative history of the Pennant's sites of labour which enables similarities and differences between the colony and metropole to be recognised. This history will be presented within the context of broader developments in Atlantic and global capitalism.The physical presence of the manifestation of the family's wealth, Penrhyn Castle, now a National Trust site, provides an opportunity for this history to be engaged with by the public. I hope to work with Penrhyn Castle to ensure that visitors can learn about the Pennants' global labour history and schoolteachers so that accessible materials for students can be created.