DNA Fingerprinting and Civil Liberties

描述(由申请人提供)：由于使用DNA取证而引起的伦理、法律和社会问题还没有得到充分的探索。该项目旨在调查围绕DNA分析的新的和有争议的问题的不同立场，并教育政策制定者，使他们更好地了解将DNA技术应用于刑事司法系统所涉及的隐私和公民自由问题。为此，伦理学家、律师、政治和社会科学家、法医专家、辩护律师和检察官，以及囚犯和假释犯的代表，包括法医DNA库中代表的主要民族的成员，将参加一系列小型研讨会，审查这些问题。项目组将收集数据，更新有关国际法律法规和程序的信息，以便为讲习班的讨论奠定基础。 需要解决的问题包括：(1)谁应该被列入法医数据库；(2)作为潜在数据库的组织收集；(3)样本保留；(4)保留时间；(5)法医DNA数据库的访问；(6)“部分匹配”及其对亲属的影响；(7)使用DNA单倍型分析进行种族鉴定；(8)资源分配；(9)联邦与州的作用；(10)医务人员的作用；(11)“科学的自主性”；(12)样本在医学研究中的使用；(13)行为遗传学研究；(14)研究的知情同意；(15)商业化；(16)用于流行病学目的；(17)信托问题与公共利益；(18)在大规模灾害中使用收集的DNA进行鉴定；(19)国家DNA身份证。讲习班参与者将撰写立场文件，在美国法律、医学和伦理学会(ASLME)《法律、医学和伦理杂志》的特刊上发表，除了定期订阅外，还将分发给美国各地的政策制定者。演示文稿将放在一个网站上。 为了教育政策制定者(特别是州立法者)、法官和地区检察官，在弗吉尼亚州威廉斯堡举行的全国教育研讨会将根据研讨会的讨论结束该项目，每个州向两名政策制定者提供两个奖学金。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ethical, legal, and social issues arising from the use of DNA forensics have not been fully explored. This project aims to investigate the various positions on new and controversial issues surrounding DNA profiling and to educate policymakers so that they better understand privacy and civil liberty issues involved in the application of DNA technology to the criminal justice system. To these ends, a series of small workshops involving ethicists, lawyers, political and social scientists, forensic experts, defense lawyers and prosecutors, and representatives of prisoners and parolees, including members of the major ethnic groups represented in forensic DNA banks, will examine the issues. The project team will collect data, updating information on international laws and regulations and procedures in order to ground workshop discussions. Issues to be addressed include: (1) who should be included in forensic databases; (2) tissue collections as potential databases; (3) sample retention; (4) length of retention; (5) access to forensic DNA databanks; (6) "partial matches," and effects on relatives; (7) racial identification using DNA haplotype analysis; (8) resource allocation; (9) federal versus state roles; (10) role of medical personnel; (11) the "autonomy of science;" (12) uses of samples in medical research; (13) behavioral genetic research; (14) informed consent for research; (15) commercialization; (16) use for epidemiological purposes; (17) fiduciary issues versus the common good; (18) use of DNA collected for identification in mass disasters; (19) national DNA identification cards. Workshop participants will produce position papers for publication in a special issue of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics (ASLME) Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, which, in addition to its regular subscribership, will be distributed to policymakers throughout the United States. Presentations will be placed on a website. In order to educate policymakers (especially state legislators), judges, and district attorneys, a national education symposium, in Williamsburg, VA, based on the workshop discussions, will conclude the project, with two scholarships offered to two policymakers from each state.