DNA Fingerprinting and Civil Liberties

DNA 指纹识别和公民自由

• 批准号: 6605079
• 负责人: BENJAMIN W MOULTON
• 金额: $ 38.18万
• 依托单位: AMERICAN SOC OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-19 至 2006-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6605079
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral genetics; data collection; epidemiology; ethics; forensic medicine; genome; human rights; information systems; legal /correctional; restriction fragment length polymorphism; workshop

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ethical, legal, and social issues arising from the use of DNA forensics have not been fully explored. This project aims to investigate the various positions on new and controversial issues surrounding DNA profiling and to educate policymakers so that they better understand privacy and civil liberty issues involved in the application of DNA technology to the criminal justice system. To these ends, a series of small workshops involving ethicists, lawyers, political and social scientists, forensic experts, defense lawyers and prosecutors, and representatives of prisoners and parolees, including members of the major ethnic groups represented in forensic DNA banks, will examine the issues. The project team will collect data, updating information on international laws and regulations and procedures in order to ground workshop discussions. Issues to be addressed include: (1) who should be included in forensic databases; (2) tissue collections as potential databases; (3) sample retention; (4) length of retention; (5) access to forensic DNA databanks; (6) "partial matches," and effects on relatives; (7) racial identification using DNA haplotype analysis; (8) resource allocation; (9) federal versus state roles; (10) role of medical personnel; (11) the "autonomy of science;" (12) uses of samples in medical research; (13) behavioral genetic research; (14) informed consent for research; (15) commercialization; (16) use for epidemiological purposes; (17) fiduciary issues versus the common good; (18) use of DNA collected for identification in mass disasters; (19) national DNA identification cards. Workshop participants will produce position papers for publication in a special issue of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics (ASLME) Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, which, in addition to its regular subscribership, will be distributed to policymakers throughout the United States. Presentations will be placed on a website. In order to educate policymakers (especially state legislators), judges, and district attorneys, a national education symposium, in Williamsburg, VA, based on the workshop discussions, will conclude the project, with two scholarships offered to two policymakers from each state.

描述（由申请人提供）：使用DNA法医学所产生的伦理、法律的和社会问题尚未得到充分探讨。该项目的目的是调查围绕DNA特征分析的新的和有争议的问题上的各种立场，并教育决策者，使他们更好地理解在刑事司法系统中应用DNA技术所涉及的隐私和公民自由问题。为此，将举办一系列小型研讨会，由伦理学家、律师、政治和社会科学家、法医专家、辩护律师和检察官以及囚犯和假释犯的代表，包括法医DNA库中代表的主要族裔群体的成员参加，探讨这些问题。项目小组将收集数据，更新关于国际法律、条例和程序的信息，以便为讲习班的讨论奠定基础。 需要解决的问题包括：（1）哪些人应该被纳入法医数据库;（2）作为潜在数据库的组织收集;（3）样本保留;（4）保留时间;（5）法医DNA数据库的访问;（6）“部分匹配”和对亲属的影响;（7）使用DNA单倍型分析进行种族鉴定;（8）资源分配;（9）联邦与州的角色;（10）医务人员的作用;（11）“科学的自主性”;（12）样本在医学研究中的使用;（13）行为遗传学研究;（14）研究的知情同意;（15）商业化;（16）用于流行病学目的;（17）信托问题与公共利益;（18）在大规模灾害中使用收集的DNA进行鉴定;（十九）国家DNA身份证。讲习班学员将编写立场文件，供在美国法律、医学和伦理学会《法律、医学和伦理学杂志》特刊上发表，该特刊除定期订阅外，还将分发给美国各地的决策者。发言将放在一个网站上。 为了教育政策制定者（特别是州立法者），法官和地区检察官，在弗吉尼亚州威廉斯堡举行的全国教育研讨会将根据研讨会的讨论结束该项目，并向每个州的两名政策制定者提供两个奖学金。