Norm Diffusion and Vernacularisation: The Meeting of International and Local Gender Norms

该项目将严格审查妇女和平与安全议程（WPS）在冲突后地区通过自上而下的规范传播过程减少性暴力和基于性别的暴力（SGBV）流行的能力，这是该议程在运作上所依赖的。这里的“规范扩散”是指社会规范通过影响从源头传播到接受者。尽管有限，但现有的规范传播文献强调了当地行动者在自己文化中已有的规范框架内将外部规定的规范白话化的积极作用。这表明，自上而下试图以线性方式将规范扩散到目标地区的影响是有限的。因此，本项目着手调查WPS规定的性别规范——经过国家行动计划（NAP）和社区发展计划（CDP）的筛选后——如何与目标地区的性别规范相互交叉并普及，以及这些过程可能对这些规范的传播产生的影响。本文旨在回答两个主要问题：1)WPS规定的性别规范如何与目标地区已有的性别认同相交叉？2)这些性别认同如何影响WPS规定的规范性性别框架的白话化？cdp的工作——在地方和全球之间调解知识和权力的流动——导致了地方权力结构和社会身份的持续重新配置。因此，CDP所针对的地方应被视为“跨国民族景观”。由于这些“跨国民族景观”的模糊边界，从经验上追踪文化生产的轨迹并解决手头的研究问题，需要一种定性的方法，包括使用多种来源、话语分析和以多地点观察民族志研究的形式进行实地考察。本项目初步建议将乌干达作为一个合适的案例研究。联合国报告称，乌干达报告的性暴力发生率持续下降。然而，由于缺乏对实地规范传播过程的实质性研究，无法得出关于该地区实施的国别发展计划如何或为何成功的确切结论。有鉴于此，乌干达目前提供了一个重要的研究窗口，通过它可以研究规范在实地传播的过程。该项目将对知识领域作出两项重要贡献，这些领域对制定框架和相关政策方案至关重要，而这些框架和政策方案能够成功地执行《世界粮食和农业行动计划》。它将首先增加学术界对规范扩散和白话化的理解。其次，它将为那些在国际、国家和地方各级设计未来框架和政策方案的人提供关键数据，以减少冲突后背景下的性暴力。

This project will critically examine the ability of the Women Peace and Security Agenda (WPS) to reduce the prevalence of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in postconflict localities via the process of top down norm diffusion on which it operationally relies. 'Norm diffusion' here refers to the spread of social norms from a source to an adopter via influence. The existing, albeit limited, literature on norm diffusion on the ground emphasises the active role of local actors in vernacularising externally prescribed norms within their own culture's pre-existing normative frameworks. This suggests that the influence of top-down attempts to diffuse norms into target localities in a linear fashion is limited. This project thus sets out to investigate how the gender norms prescribed by the WPS - when filtered through National Action Plans (NAP) and Community Development Programmes (CDP) - intersect with, and vernacularise into, those of its targeted localities, and the impact that these processes may have on their diffusion. It sets out to answer two main questions:1) How do the gender norms prescribed by the WPS intersect with the pre-existing gender identities in targeted localities?2) How do these gender identities affect the vernacularisation of the normative gender framework prescribed by the WPS?The work of CDPs - in terms of mediating flows of knowledge and power between the local and the global - results in the ongoing reconfiguration of local power structures and social identities. Localities targeted by CDP's should thus be approached as 'transnational ethnoscapes'. Due to the fuzzy boundaries of these 'transnational ethnoscapes' empirically tracing the trajectories of cultural production and addressing the research questions at hand necessitates a qualitative approach that involves the use of multiple sources, discourse analysis, and fieldwork in the form of multi-sitedobservational ethnographic research.This project tentatively suggests Uganda as a suitable case study. The UN has reported a consistent decrease in reported rates of SGBV in Uganda. However, due to the lack of substantive research on the process of norm diffusion on the ground, no firm conclusions can be drawn as to how or why the CDP's implemented in the area havebeen successful. In light of this, Uganda presently offers a vital research window through which the process of norm diffusion on the ground can be studied.This project will provide two important contributions to the fields of knowledge crucial to the development of frameworks and related policy programmes that function to successfully implement the WPS. It will firstly add to the academes understanding of norm diffusion and vernacularisation. Secondly, it will provide crucial data for those designing future frameworks, and policy programmes, on the international, national, and local levels towards the reduction of SGBV in post-conflict contexts.