Norm Diffusion and Vernacularisation: The Meeting of International and Local Gender Norms

该项目将严格审查妇女、和平与安全议程(WPS)是否有能力通过其业务所依赖的自上而下的规范传播过程，减少冲突后地区性暴力和基于性别的暴力的盛行。这里的“规范扩散”指的是社会规范通过影响力从源头传播到接受者。现有的关于当地规范传播的文献虽然有限，但强调了地方行为者在本国文化既有规范框架内制定外部规定的规范方面发挥的积极作用。这表明，自上而下试图以线性方式将规范传播到目标地区的影响是有限的。因此，该项目着手调查WPS规定的性别规范--当通过国家行动计划(NAP)和社区发展方案(CDP)进行过滤时--如何与其目标地区的性别规范相交并形成语言规范，以及这些过程可能对这些规范的传播产生的影响。它试图回答两个主要问题：1)WPS规定的性别规范如何与目标地区先前存在的性别认同相交？2)这些性别认同如何影响WPS规定的规范性性别框架的本土化？CDP在调解地方和全球之间的知识和权力流动方面的工作导致了地方权力结构和社会认同的持续重新配置。因此，CDP所针对的地方应被视为“跨国民族景观”。由于这些“跨国民族图景”的模糊边界，从经验上追踪文化生产的轨迹和解决手头的研究问题需要一种定性的方法，其中包括使用多个来源、话语分析和以多地点观察性民族志研究的形式进行的田野调查。联合国报告称，乌干达报告的SGBV发病率持续下降。然而，由于缺乏对实地规范传播过程的实质性研究，无法得出关于如何或为什么在该地区实施CDP取得成功的确切结论。有鉴于此，乌干达目前提供了一个重要的研究窗口，通过这个窗口可以研究当地的规范传播过程。这一项目将对知识领域作出两项重要贡献，这些知识领域对制定框架和相关政策方案以成功实施《可持续发展战略》至关重要。它将首先增加学术界对规范传播和白话化的理解。第二，它将为那些在国际、国家和地方各级设计未来框架和政策方案的人提供关键数据，以期在冲突后背景下减少基于性别的暴力行为。

This project will critically examine the ability of the Women Peace and Security Agenda (WPS) to reduce the prevalence of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in postconflict localities via the process of top down norm diffusion on which it operationally relies. 'Norm diffusion' here refers to the spread of social norms from a source to an adopter via influence. The existing, albeit limited, literature on norm diffusion on the ground emphasises the active role of local actors in vernacularising externally prescribed norms within their own culture's pre-existing normative frameworks. This suggests that the influence of top-down attempts to diffuse norms into target localities in a linear fashion is limited. This project thus sets out to investigate how the gender norms prescribed by the WPS - when filtered through National Action Plans (NAP) and Community Development Programmes (CDP) - intersect with, and vernacularise into, those of its targeted localities, and the impact that these processes may have on their diffusion. It sets out to answer two main questions:1) How do the gender norms prescribed by the WPS intersect with the pre-existing gender identities in targeted localities?2) How do these gender identities affect the vernacularisation of the normative gender framework prescribed by the WPS?The work of CDPs - in terms of mediating flows of knowledge and power between the local and the global - results in the ongoing reconfiguration of local power structures and social identities. Localities targeted by CDP's should thus be approached as 'transnational ethnoscapes'. Due to the fuzzy boundaries of these 'transnational ethnoscapes' empirically tracing the trajectories of cultural production and addressing the research questions at hand necessitates a qualitative approach that involves the use of multiple sources, discourse analysis, and fieldwork in the form of multi-sitedobservational ethnographic research.This project tentatively suggests Uganda as a suitable case study. The UN has reported a consistent decrease in reported rates of SGBV in Uganda. However, due to the lack of substantive research on the process of norm diffusion on the ground, no firm conclusions can be drawn as to how or why the CDP's implemented in the area havebeen successful. In light of this, Uganda presently offers a vital research window through which the process of norm diffusion on the ground can be studied.This project will provide two important contributions to the fields of knowledge crucial to the development of frameworks and related policy programmes that function to successfully implement the WPS. It will firstly add to the academes understanding of norm diffusion and vernacularisation. Secondly, it will provide crucial data for those designing future frameworks, and policy programmes, on the international, national, and local levels towards the reduction of SGBV in post-conflict contexts.