Ecophysiological and molecular mechanisms of weed seed bank persistence

杂草种子库持久性的生态生理和分子机制

• 批准号: 2401626
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Royal Holloway University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2401626
• 关键词: Ecophysiological; molecular; mechanisms; weed; seed

Weeds are a major threat to modern agriculture. For example, blackgrass is considered the most destructive cereal weed in European agriculture (1). Seed dormancy in agricultural weeds is the key factor regulating weed emergence patterns in the field. Together with seed viability and persistence, it affects the behaviour of the weed seed bank, which is of vital importance to designing effective weed control strategies. Blackgrass is propagated solely by seed (2). Release of the innate dormancy of this seed results in two peaks of seedling emergence during the growing season: a major peak in autumn and a minor peak in spring, affecting the establishment of winter and spring cereals respectively (3). This phenomenon is well described in field experiments (1,4,5) that provide an agro-ecological description of blackgrass seedling emergence, however the ecophysiological and molecular mechanisms underpinning the enforcement and release of seed dormancy, viability and persistence in blackgrass and other important weeds remain largely unknown. This project aims to investigate these mechanisms for informing the development of more effective emergence models and control strategies. Having established that temperature has an important role in the dormancy release and with identified candidate genes involved in this process using an RNAseq approach (Holloway et al., 2019, in prep.), the proposed interdisciplinary project would build on this work.

杂草是现代农业的一大威胁。例如，黑草被认为是欧洲农业中最具破坏性的谷物杂草(1)。农业杂草种子休眠是田间杂草出苗模式的关键调控因素。它与种子的生存力和持久性一起影响杂草种子库的行为，这对设计有效的杂草控制策略至关重要。黑草仅靠种子繁殖(2)。由于该种子先天休眠的解除，在生长季节出现了两个出苗高峰：秋季为高峰，春季为小高峰，分别影响了冬粮和春粮的建立(3)。这一现象在野外实验中得到了很好的描述（1,4,5），这些实验提供了黑草幼苗出现的农业生态学描述，然而，黑草和其他重要杂草的种子休眠、生存能力和持久性的实施和释放的生态生理和分子机制在很大程度上仍然未知。本项目旨在研究这些机制，为更有效的出现模型和控制策略的发展提供信息。已经确定温度在休眠释放中起重要作用，并使用RNAseq方法确定了参与该过程的候选基因（Holloway et al., 2019, in prep.），拟议的跨学科项目将建立在这项工作的基础上。