Experimental and Computational Study of Vortex Rings in Water Subject to Coriolis Forces induced by Background System Rotation - 1=Engineering

拟议项目的目标是研究受背景系统旋转影响的涡环动力学的基本物理。旋涡的动力学影响着绝大多数涉及液体或气体的应用工程问题。涡环是一种几何上简单的涡结构，几十年来一直作为研究与控制涡的形成、运动、稳定性和层流-湍流转变的物理学相关的一般问题的范例。涡流也是流体湍流的基本流动结构。湍流被认为是经典力学中尚未解决的突出问题，与背景系统旋转相关的科里奥利力从根本上改变流体流动，并导致许多在非旋转流动中完全未知的违反直觉的现象。旋转流在应用工程环境中是普遍存在的。背景旋转对涡环的影响是一个基本上完全未探索的研究领域。仅有的出版物之一是由项目主管P. J.托马斯教授撰写的。有关该主题的出版物很少的原因是因为只有极少数实验室拥有进行必要实验所需的基础设施。自从我们以前的出版物，相关的测量技术（粒子图像测速）所需的数据，所考虑的问题有很大的进步。因此，现在正是利用现代最先进的测量方法重新探讨科里奥利力对涡环动态的影响问题的时候。在我们以前的出版物中，定性地确定了许多新的流动现象，但当时，由于计算机辅助测量技术尚未发展到能够进行所需定量测量的阶段，因此必须保持未详细探索。然而，现在可以进行这些测量，并计划进行这些测量，并将获得的数据与并行计算模拟的结果进行比较。

The goal of the proposed project is to investigate the fundamental physics governing the dynamics of vortex rings subject to background system rotation. The dynamics of vortices affect the vast majority of applied engineering problems involving liquids or gases. Vortex rings are a geometrically simple vortex structure that has served for decades as a paradigm to study general issues associate with physics governing the formation, the motion, the stability and the laminar-turbulent transition of vortices. Vortices are also the fundamental flow structures underlying and governing fluid turbulence. Turbulence is considered to be the outstanding unresolved problem of classical mechanics.Coriolis forces associated with background system rotation fundamentally alter fluid flows and lead to many counterintuitive phenomena entirely unknown in non-rotating flows. Rotating flows are prevalent in applied engineering contexts. The effects of background rotation on vortex rings are an essentially entirely unexplored research area. One of the only existing publications is by the project supervisor Prof. P.J. Thomas. The reason why publications on the subject are scarce is because only a very small number of laboratories have the required infrastructure available to perform the necessary experiments. Since our previous publication, the relevant measurement techniques (Particle Image Velocimetry ) required to obtain data for the problem considered have substantially advanced. It is therefore timely to readdress the issue of the effects of Coriolis forces on the dynamics of vortex rings by means of modern state-of-the-art measurement methodologies. In our previous publication many new flow phenomena were identified qualitatively but, at the time, had to remain unexplored in detail since the computer-aided measurement technology had not advanced to a stage that enabled the required quantitative measurements. However, these measurements can now be performed and it is planned to conduct these and compare the data to be obtained to results of concurrent computational simulations.